Optimisation of an integrated energy system consisting of a power grid and carbon neutral heat grid

Abstract

This research investigates the optimal integration of power and heat grids to meet energy demands in the Drechtsteden region at minimal costs. Driven by the global push for decarbonization, the study explores the cost-effectiveness of reinforcing the existing power grid versus expanding the heat grid infrastructure, including the potential of waste heat utilization. A Python-based model, leveraging the PyPSA library, was developed to simulate and optimize different scenarios. It was found that reinforcing the power grid is the most cost-effective solution for satisfying the 2030 heat demand, assuming stable geopolitical conditions and material availability. However, under specific conditions, such as decreased heat grid connection costs or abundant waste heat sources, a combined approach might become more viable. The sensitivity analysis highlights the significant impact of technology costs on decision-making. Future research should incorporate resource constraints, long-term projections, and spatial limitations for a more comprehensive assessment of energy system integration.