Flux-tunable Josephson effect in a four-terminal junction

Abstract

We study a phase-tunable four-terminal Josephson junction formed in an InSbAs two-dimensional electron gas proximitized by aluminum. By embedding the two pairs of junction terminals in asymmetric DC superconducting quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) we can control the superconducting phase difference across each pair, thereby gaining information about their current-phase relation. Using a current-bias line to locally control the magnetic flux through one SQUID, we measure a nonlocal Josephson effect, whereby the current-phase relation across two terminals in the junction is strongly dependent on the superconducting phase difference across two completely different terminals. In particular, each pair behaves as a φ0 junction with a phase offset tuned by the phase difference across the other junction terminals. Lastly, we demonstrate that the behavior of an array of two-terminal junctions replicates most features of the current-phase relation of different multiterminal junctions. This highlights that these signatures alone are not sufficient evidence of true multiterminal Josephson effects arising from hybridization of Andreev bound states in the junction.