Automatic settlement analysis of single-layer armour layers

Abstract

A method to quantify, analyse, and present the settlement of single-layer concrete armour layers of coastal structures is presented. The use of the image processing technique for settlement analysis is discussed based on various modelling
studies performed over the years. The accuracy of the technique is assessed, and the application of the technique to various parts of coastal structures (trunk, roundhead, bed protection, crest element) and various types of armour units is discussed. Moreover, conclusions are drawn on the role of the toe structure on the stability of breakwater armour layers.