Exploring interventions and tools used by REScoops to lower householders’ energy consumption and stimulate investment in RES projects

Abstract

REScoops are well positioned to spur energy savings among householders and generate investment in renewable energy projects. As compared to other agents in energy markets they have many benefits, particularly their embeddedness in local, social structures. In this paper we explore in which ways, and by using which tools and interventions REScoops exploit this assumed advantage. The main research question in this paper is: ‘Which interventions and policies do REScoops use to persuade their members to lower energy consumption and invest in renewable energy? The question is answered by making an inventory and analysing practices of REScoop federations across six EU nation states. Next to providing information on the scope of the measures taken illustrative case studies are presented to provide in-depth insights into the ways REScoops use intervention strategies. Interventions and tools retrieved are clustered using psychological and policy oriented classifications. Data collection involved expert interviews, expert workshops, a survey, and collection of information on best practice instruments. Results of the analysis reveal that REScoops deploy a broad scope of tools and interventions, using both antecedent and consequence strategies. Consequence strategies (i.e. feedback) used typically rely on the use of technology, i.e. smart metering or an online platform. REScoops that just start off are keen to use antecedent strategies (i.e. awareness raising campaigns), whereas the more mature REScoops also use consequence strategies, but often in combination with the former. In using these interventions and tools the REScoops are well positioned locally to engage with householders, which helps to get more commitment and be supportive to the needs of the latter in learning how to use the tools. Results from trials organized by REScoops show promising signs in terms of householders actually lowering their energy consumption levels. Whether the interventions are really effective is still to be seen in future, more systematic, intervention research.