Uncontrolled Degassing of Ships

Abstract

The concept of deterrence, using fear of punishment to encourage compliant behavior, is widely discussed. However, deterrence often places an emphasis on the economic side of compliance while neglecting other possibly crucial factors, as is argued by the literature. Psychological factors, notably the personal norm and the social norm, often appear to play important roles in the decision to comply or not. The personal norm describes an individual’s attitude and moral stance toward specific behaviors, such as compliance. On the other hand, the social norm revolves around perceptions of others’
behavior and opinions within one’s social network. Hence, the influence of these factors is researched within different populations, and different environments, some enabling and some impeding compliance. A new framework to encompass all these elements is explored with Agent-Based Modeling and applied to a case study in collaboration with the ILT (Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport). Findings included the lack of a social influence on compliance, whenever the personal norm was high and the necessity to be able to comply in order for deterrence to show an effect. For future research, suggestions are done to improve the framework and to explore additional aspects.