Controlling the synchronization and payback associated with the provision of frequency services by dynamic demand

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Abstract

An increasing share of nuclear and renewable generation is reducing the ability of the power system to withstand the sudden loss of a generating unit. Hence, there is a need for additional response and reserve services. Previous research has shown that frequency-responsive thermostatic loads would be able to support the system, but the proposed control methods typically suffer from undesirable side-effects at the device or system level. We propose a hybrid controller that addresses the observed shortcomings and illustrate its effectiveness using simulations in a model system. Quantitative comparisons are made with two control schemes from the literature.