Mitigating Overcrowding: Evaluating Policy Measures to Reduce Student Peak Travel on Dutch Trains

Abstract

This study addresses the growing demand for expanded train capacity in the Netherlands, particularly during peak hours. The current rail network is constrained by space and high infrastructure costs, prompting the exploration of policy measures aimed at encouraging alternative travel behaviours among students. This research evaluates four policy alternatives—ranging from requiring students to pay full peak fares to shifting lecture times—assessing their impact on student travel behaviour and overall welfare using Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). Findings indicate that while three of the alternatives result in a welfare loss, the 'Shift Lecture Hours' alternative yields significant welfare gains. The recommendation from this research is therefore to collaboratively develop the shift in start times in education into a comprehensive set of policy changes that enjoy broad support from students, teaching staff, and educational institutions.