False positives associated with responder/non-responder analyses based on motor evoked potentials

Journal article (2019)

Authors

M.L. van de Ruit Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Michael J. Grey University of East Anglia

Research Group

Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control (Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering) (TU Delft)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.11.015

MEP TMS Plasticity Variability Corticospinal excitability Responders

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Published Date

2019

Language

English

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Faculty

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Department

Biomechanical Engineering

Research Group

Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control

Abstract

Background: A trend in the non-invasive brain stimulation literature is to assess the outcome of an intervention using a responder analysis whereby participants are di- or trichotomised in order that they may be classified as either responders or non-responders. Objective: Examine the extent of the Type I error in motor evoked potential (MEP) data subjected to responder analyses. Methods: Seven sets of 30 MEPs were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle in 52 healthy volunteers. Four classification techniques were used to classify the participants as responders or non-responders: (1) the two-step cluster analysis, (2) dichotomised thresholding, (3) relative method and (4) baseline variance method. Results: Despite the lack of any intervention, a significant number of participants were classified as responders (21–71%). Conclusion: This study highlights the very large Type I error associated with dichotomising continuous variables such as the TMS MEP.

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