Most cardiac arrests happen within the home and only 10% of these victims will survive. If a victim can receive CPR within the first 6 minutes of a cardiac event then their chances of survival increase to 45%.

LivisOra helps you prepare for this moment. Ora is a CPR training aid that assists anyone to master chest compressions and rescue breaths without attending a lesson. It has electronics that monitor the learner’s CPR performance and deforms to mimic the elasticity of a human chest. The accompanying App provides quality feedback on the learner’s CPR performance.

Ora is design for self-training within the home. There is no more worrying about scheduling and lesson costs. Everyone has heard of the saying “Practice makes perfect”. Training with Ora regularly is the most effective means of learning and retaining skills. Train with Ora to save lives.

The National Immunisation Programme (NIP) provides Dutch children with vaccinations for twelve infectious diseases free of charge and on voluntary basis. During several years, the vaccination coverage in the Netherlands has declined (about 0.5 percent per year). It is important to have a high vaccination coverage in order to stop spreading diseases and reaching herd immunity. This herd immunity, of which the minimum percentage differs per disease but lies around 90 percent, protects the people that cannot be vaccinated due to illness or are too young to be vaccinated.

This graduation project focuses on risk communication, presenting both advantages and disadvantages, about the first child vaccinations (DKTP-Hib-Hepb and pneumococcal vaccination between 6 and 9 weeks of age). The project does not focus on increasing the vaccination coverage. The goal is to support (soon to be) parents in a decision making process based on information in order to strengthen those who are positive towards vaccination and help the people who are doubting about participation in the NIP. People who do not have the intention to participate in the NIP are not taken into account. In order to find the most applicable strategy or means of communication, the target group was involved during the whole project.

Different theories about behavioural intentions and decision making processes were examined which has finally led to the model that can be found in Figure 1. This model is based on the normative description of an analytical process of making a choice from Timmermans (2013) represented by the pink boxes. In collaboration with experts, this model is adapted as is visualised by the dotted parts. The short-cuts that are added visualise more intuitive decision making strategies (heart and eye) and a thorough analytical approach that iterates between structuring and evaluation (scale).

Information needs and sources that are used by the target group are found by doing seven interviews with people in the target group. Several ideas with applicable approaches towards communicating the information were formed out of these insights. The ideas led to three design concepts that communicate the information in different ways; positive towards vaccination (focussing on the benefit of herd immunity), as transparent as possible (by showing both advantages and disadvantages) and negative towards vaccination (focussing on the side effects that can occur).

The front pages of the concepts (see Figure 2) are designed for intuitive people. Those who have a more analytical approach will go through the different steps as stated in Figure 1 by opening the leaflet. Recommendations for improvement of these concepts and future research could be made after five concept tests with the target group. The concepts were evaluated and ranked in the test.

The seven interviews that were held and the five concept tests resulted into interpretations of only those people involved. Because only a small amount of participants is used, the data is mainly used for inspiration and not for conclusions about the overall target group.

This project is done in collaboration with the RIVM and VUmc.

The critical care environment has been witnessed to be one that is unsuitable for sleeping in during day time. Auditory disturbances happen approximately every 12 to 15 minutes, and this is preventing patients to get into their deep sleep during for example the nurse's lunch break. Being able to get into deep sleep has been proven to be very useful for recovery, and obtaining it is possible. Five minutes extra between auditory disturbances could already make all the difference.

From all different auditive sources of the disturbances, it turned out that the main contributors were speech, incidents and alarms. These contributors mainly seemed to be induced by nurse behavior. When questioning why actually these disturbances were present, it was not the case that nurses deliberately were very loud. On the contrary, they love their job and caring and curing patients. It turned out that the loudness of the nurse could be related back to the same phenomenon as alarm fatigue. As nurses are working in a loud environment continuously, they become unaware of what actions actually cause loud noises. Through psychological theories was also found that nurses do not like to continuously be each other’s point of remark, and they rather not say to each other when they are loud. That is the part where I could help.

What was needed within the Intensive Care, was a device that could help get nurses informed about the auditory environment, and whether it has been quieter or louder over the past time. Through multiple rounds of testing, it could be concluded that the best way of getting someone's attention was through visualizations, and when someone wanted more information, there was the need for a written explanation. To describe the loudness of an environment, this could best be done through the hostility of a visualization, and a more distinctive 'loudness-state' could be obtained through adding differences in clarity, color, and speed of such a visualization. All these findings have been included in Doplor, an interactive painting, helping nurses understand the auditory environment a bit better. Doplor listens to the environment by measuring decibels via Quietyme’s sensors, and determines what sort of visualization represents the auditory environment best.

Through testing with both students and nurses, a proper understanding and a small effect could be found. Both parties expected themselves to be quieter with Doplor being around, they understood better what the causes of auditory disturbances would be when Doplor showed a loud visualization and lastly, both parties liked Doplor's appearance and would see him as a real helper in quieting down as a team. Even though more testing should be performed to understand the full effect and change of behavior in nurses, it is believed that Doplor could be a great addition in quieting down as a team within the critical care context.