Land values change in planning processes. Accountancy regulations define the book value of land held by local authorities. This affects the evaluation of alternative lines of action in land development, and in this way, the land policy of local authorities. This paper reflects on the case of the Netherlands, which has a well-established tradition of public land development. Traditionally, valuation has been based on historic costs: the prices for acquisition and costs of infrastructure provision paid in the past, and not the current exchange values. Losses foreseen must be taken immediately; profits can only be booked after they have been made. This paper analyses the changes in these accountancy regulations over time and studies their impact on the economic position of local authorities. It considers both regulations as the outcomes of these as being found in administrative records and the practice in the City of Enschede where there was a difference between the official value as recorded in the books and the value that was the basis for decision-making. The paper discusses the impact on land policy. There is a tension between regulations that more-and-more aim for a direct reflection of property market volatility in the books and the aim of local authorities to present financial stability. This may contribute to less financial involvement in land policies.@en

This chapter discusses planning the reterritorialisation of agricultural activities as an avenue of the Covid-19 pandemic recovery. Reterritorialisation indicates local food being targeted to local inhabitants instead of the global market. We argue that the pandemic has accelerated the reterritorialisation process. Supply chain actors actively responded to the local market, local agrifood sector labour was revalued, the rural-urban linkage was rebuilt along with the lifestyle change, and public political awareness was raised in engaging local agrifood issues. We propose planning the reterritorialisation of agriculture as a solution to perpetuating local agrifood activities and recovering from the pandemic. We discuss planning strategies from perspectives of access to land, the transition of farming practices, and structuring local supply chains. We conclude with research agenda drawn from the challenges faced by the coexistence of local and global food systems, the policy coherence and the juxtaposed complex issues like climate change and geopolitical conflicts.@en

Je zult maar jong zijn op het platteland. Is er dan nog een perspectief voor de toekomst, nu we ons in het oog van de storm van talloze crises bevinden? Tijdens een studiemiddag van de TU Delft kwamen de dromen van de nieuwe generaties aan bod, evenals de praktische wetten en bezwaren. Willem Korthals Altes rapporteert. @en

Acquiring access to land is an important issue for new entrants into farming. Traditionally, the succession of farms is within the family; market transactions are geared towards the enlargement of running farms. Policies and institutions have been built to facilitate this process. Current challenges of climate change, resource scarcity, biodiversity and equity, as are analysed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the International Resource Panel (IRP), the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reporting activities, make it so that there is a need to find alternatives for the current developments in farming, which is a process of up (scale enlargement) or out (stop farming). For these alternatives, new types of farmers who face the issue of access to land are needed. Based on FADN data and EUROSTAT data, current developments in the European farming sector were analysed to understand the impact of the process of modernisation on farmland markets and the complexities of access to land for new entrants. Whether these data may point to opportunities for alternative farming methods and the role of the direct payments of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy were analysed. Policies and consequences are discussed. It is concluded that, whereas alternative farming models are promoted at the level of policy aims, this is not performed at the policy guidance level of land markets. Alternatives outside traditional institutions face the issue of scaling up to create impact. The Common Agricultural Policy is, in many ways, more of an obstacle than it is a promoter of providing access to land for new farmers. New policies are needed.@en

In het landelijk gebied zijn er tal van opgaven, zoals natuurontwikkeling, extensivering van de landbouw en aanleg van infrastructuur die niet zijn gekoppeld aan het realiseren van lucratieve functies, zoals woningen en bedrijventerreinen. Grondbeleid hiervoor vraagt om andere strategieën dan voor lucratieve functies waar het mogelijk is kosten te verhalen om ze te bekostigen. […]@en

One of the tasks in the RURALIZATION project has been the development of a Massive Online Course (MOOC) entitled “Ruralization: Creating New Opportunities in Rural Areas”. The MOOC has been running on the edX platform from March 1st 2023 up to April 12th 2023. (https://www.edx.org/course/ruralization-creating-opportunities-for-new-generations-in-rural-areas). This document provides an overview of the set-up of the MOOC (section 2), the uptake of the course by the learners (section 3) and an Evaluation and Discussion (section 4).@en

Across the European Union, farm modernisation results in vacant farm buildings in agricultural areas. This is an issue at the crossroads of rural development and spatial planning. The debate often revolves around the options of either demolishing these buildings or re-using them for residential purposes. There is less emphasis, however, on re-using vacant farm buildings to create new employment opportunities in rural areas. This article analyses two cases in the Netherlands to explore the commercial re-use of vacant farm buildings in relation to rural development. The analysis specifically focuses on governance issues, the contribution of different types of commercial re-use to rural communities, and how re-use helps in retaining or attracting young people. The findings suggest that commercial re-use of vacant farm buildings can attract new entrepreneurs, jobs, and liveliness to rural areas. This is likelier if local government efforts and local entrepreneurship align. The cases also show limitations of commercial re-use in relation to the potential for wider uptake and the risk of enhancing rural gentrification. This raises the question of whether the current planning systems can deal with the upcoming complex processes of rural transformation.@en

Land is an important asset in rural areas. Access to land for the rural population has an impact on rural development. This contribution reviews, based on research and reports written in the context of the Horizon 2020 project RURALIZATION, the relationship between quality of government, access to land and rural development. @en

This document reports Deliverable D2.12- Report on local conferences - Final of the RURALIZATION project. The objective of the deliverable is to report on the actions carried out so far on the planification, organization and implementation of the local conferences. These events are envisaged in T2.5 of WP2 – Dissemination and Exploitation of the GA. As indicated, two local conferences will be organized in each partner country involved in the project consortium during the project lifetime, thus resulting in a total of at least 24 national conferences. Half of these conferences had already been organised in M22 of the RURALIZATION project. The other half has been organised between M33 (January 2022) and M48 (April 2023). This report is a reflection and evaluation on this second round of 12 events.@en

The reterritorialisation of agricultural activities (RAA) consists of reinforcing local food production and its diversification activities oriented toward local consumers. RAA helps shape the local food system, which is an increasingly studied topic in the planning field. However, institutional impacts on planning approaches for RAA remain unknown. This study examines this question by comparing land-use and food planning in Dutch and French cases, where France defines food planning via national law and the Netherlands does not. Through analysis of planning documents and semi-structured interviews, we identified planning goals and instruments, and analysed governance models. We then linked these three components to understand institutional impacts. Our empirical findings reveal that regarding planning policies on RAA, there are differences between the two countries in terms of focused action fields, planning instruments, and links between land-use and food planning. Our results show that the dominance of state-local relationships in France and civil society-government relationships in the Netherlands has a significant effect on planning approaches. This study supports the need for an emphasis on institutional design for effective planning for RAA.

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De relatie tussen stad en land staat vol in de schijnwerpers in het debat over onder meer stikstof, woningbouw en de energietransitie. TU Delft-hoogleraar Willem Korthals Altes laat zien dat de bewoners van het landelijke gebied in de afgelopen decennia in een ‘economische tredmolen’ zijn beland. Voor de vernieuwing van het landelijke gebied is dan ook een geheel nieuw perspectief nodig dat over de stadsrand heen reikt.@en

De financiële gegevens van gemeentelijke grondexploitaties laten een grote continuïteit zien. Er is een grote gelijkenis tussen de uitkomsten over 2020 (resultaat € 910 miljoen positief) en 2021 (resultaat € 896 miljoen positief). Ook is er grote continuïteit in de investeringen van ge-meenten in grond en duurzame goederen. Deze zijn aanhoudend op een laag niveau. Ook wanneer private partijen locaties ontwikkelingen, is het vanwege aanbestedingsregels nood-zakelijk dat gemeenten investeren in openbaar gebied en de kosten hiervan verhalen op marktpartijen. Ook de post waar deze kostenverhaalsinkomsten geboekt moeten worden, is aanhoudend laag. De voorlopige cijfers over het eerste halfjaar van 2022 laten geen verande-ring van dit beeld zien. Er is eerder sprake van een nog verdere verlaging van investeringen dan van een verhoging. Versnelling van de woningbouw is daarmee niet in zicht. Zonder grond en investeringen in de woonomgeving (zoals straten, rioleringen en groenvoorzienin-gen) kan er niet worden gebouwd.@en

Een van de instrumenten om de woningbouw aan te jagen is de inzet van een actief gemeentelijk grondbeleid. Hoogleraar Willem Korthals Altes van de TU Delft dook in de financiële cijfers. Zijn slotsom: gemeenten laten de kansen liggen, waardoor het woningtekort juist verder oploopt.@en

Developments toward Open Government Data (OGD) also affect the data from National Continuously Operating Reference Station (NCORS), an infrastructure supporting standard and precise positioning in spatial activities. The application of OD policies on NCORS data (OD-NCORS) varies per country. This paper explores the approaches and impact of OD-NCORS in three European countries: Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. Understanding the differences in the implementations may benefit other countries in their strategies to implement OD for their NCORS. It may also provide insights for organisations considering OD for other data. The research found that the key factors affecting OD-NCORS implementation are the national governing nature and the existence of commercial CORS networks. There is no single approach for OD-NCORS implementation that fits every national context.@en

The concentration of farmland has potentially a negative impact on planning for local rural development as it impedes access to land for other rural initiatives. Land policies in the European Union aiming to reserve lands for local communities are constrained by principles of the EU single market, such as the free movement of capital and the freedom of establishment. Especially in several Central and Eastern European member states, the European Commission has critically reviewed policies to shield lands from the single market. This paper reviews and analysis this issue in relation to the planning for rural communities.@en

Het is een vaak terugkerende claim: de woningnood kan verholpen door meer bouwlocaties aan te wijzen. Hoogleraar Willem Korthals Altes rekent voor dat daar helemaal geen gebrek aan is. Waar het stokt, is de ontwikkeling van die gebieden. “Richt de schaarse ambtelijke capaciteit van gemeenten op de locaties die nu al in beeld zijn. Als je alle kanten op rent, kom je niet vooruit.”@en

Volgens voorlopige cijfers hebben gemeenten in 2020 een positief resultaat van ruim een miljard euro gerealiseerd op grondexploitaties. Dit saldo bestaat voor zo een 30% uit een positief resultaat op investeringen in fysieke bedrijfsinfrastructuur en voor 70% uit grondexploitaties voor woningbouw. Dit resultaat is beduidend hoger dan in de voorgaande jaren. Bij deze gegevens moet wel een slag om de arm worden gehouden, omdat het voorlopige gegevens zijn. Van niet alle gemeenten zijn gegevens over het vierde kwartaal van 2020 beschikbaar. Voor de jaarcijfers vindt een herwaardering plaats van de grondexploitaties en, zeker omdat 2020 een bijzonder jaar was, kan dit leiden tot flinke verschuivingen. Het verschil met voorgaande jaren zit ook met name in de post ‘overige verrekeningen’ waar juist veel van deze herwaarderingen worden geboekt. @en