This paper proposes a multioral image change detection algorithm based on adaptive parameter estimation, which is used to solve the problems of severe interference of coherent speckle noise and the retention of detailed information about changing regions in synthetic aperture radar remote sensing images. The change area in the initial differential image has local consistency and global prominence. By detecting the significant area to locate similar change areas, the coherent speckle noise outside the area can be eliminated. The use of hierarchical FCM clustering to automatically generate training samples can improve the reliability of training samples. In addition, in order to increase the distinction between the changed area and the non-changed area, a sparse automatic encoder is used to extract the changed features and generate a change detection map. Experiments using 4 sets of SAR images show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the effect of speckle noise on detection accuracy, the extraction of changing areas is more complete and meticulous, and the false detection rate is greatly reduced. Since the images in different time phases will be disturbed by weather, clouds, sea water, etc., the target segmentation algorithm can be used to extract the target of interest and highlight the changing area. Principal component analysis and k-means clustering method are used to reduce the influence of isolated pixels, and change information is extracted to obtain different images. The experiment uses four sets of image data of islands and reefs. The experiment proves that the algorithm can well eliminate external interference, improve the accuracy of change detection, and have a good detection effect on the area of islands and reefs. The adaptive parameter estimation plays a good role in the detection of changing areas, and the visual effect is better, which can improve the accuracy of the detection results.