This paper presents a stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for the optimal operation of islanded microgrids in the presence of stochastic demands and renewable resources. In the proposed formulation, the microgrid is modeled as an unbalanced three-phase electrical distribution system comprising distributed generation (DG) units with droop control, battery systems (BSs) and wind turbines (WTs). The stochastic nature of the consumption and the renewable generation is considered through a scenario-based approach, which determines the optimal values of the decision variables that minimize the average operational cost of the microgrid. A set of efficient linearizations are used to transform the proposed MINLP model into an approximated convex model that can be solved via commercial solvers. In order to assess the effectiveness of the obtained solution, Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) are carried out. Results show that the proposed model considers the uncertainty while reducing the average operational costs and load curtailments, when compared with a deterministic model.@en

There is a wide range of different stakeholders who may be affected by energy flexibility measures: end-users (occupants of buildings), building owners, facility managers, Energy Service Companies (ESCOs), developers, architects, contractors, and product/system suppliers. The energy flexibility is ultimately useful for aggregators, DSOs (Distribution System Operators), TSOs (Transmission System Operators), and district heating suppliers.This report establishes a comprehensive understanding of acceptance, behaviour, and motivation at different levels of involvement for the relevant stakeholders.@en