The implications of a CE and the transition towards it are widely researched. However, there is a lack of research into the relevant geographical scales of CE. Thus, this research aims to present a framework that identifies the optimal geographical scale for the recycling of materials based on various factors. The framework is tested against a case study of recycled concrete and copper for the municipality of Leiden. For the economic factor, a crude cost benefit analysis is carried out. For the environmental factor, a life cycle assessment (LCA) of both concrete and copper recycling is conducted.
Based on the results of the analyses, the framework indicates that concrete rubble can be transported up to 70km by truck and 110km by barge. Under present circumstances, economic cost is not a limiting factor, with an upper limit of 160-170km. The results for copper seem to indicate that environmental impact and economic cost are not the determining factors for geographic scale. Based on environmental impact scrap copper can be transported 4330km by truck or 11500km by barge. Based on economic cost the copper scrap can be transported as far as 12300km.
The framework has the potential to help decision making on the geographical scale of the recycling process for specific materials. The results of the framework could be used by government agencies for new policies or spatial planning. Within academic research the framework can add practical knowledge. This will add to the understanding of how CE can contribute to minimising environmental impact.