An increasing massive volume of wind turbine blades are coming to end-of-life in the Netherlands. These components contain mostly fibre-reinforced plastics, which has been banned from landfill and incineration. Since then, companies and institutions have spent their efforts to expand the lifetime of this material by developing a circular wind hub with various circular strategies. While some strategies, such as recycling or recovery, are less desirable due to low-quality outcomes and environmental pollution, repurposing seems to be a potential option, which uses decommissioned blades in certain products, such as building elements in one-off applications. This strategy can be enhanced by reprocessing the applications through multiple-use cycles. This research will investigate that concept based on the building layers principle to figure out its feasibility and the potential to extend the lifetime of the end-of-life material.

This essay investigates the shops as well as commercial buildings designed by Gerrit Rietveld in the Netherlands from 1922 to 1962, focusing on the relation between the interior and the exterior in each project. Gaining insight into his contribution to the history of shop designs. This research has been conducted through a combination of literature study, and the archive of Gerrit Rietveld in the Het Nieuwe Instituut in Rotterdam, and provides elaboration on themes as the designs of the shop front, the interior, and the connection between them. These themes are addressed through observation of the images, and drawings in the archive and other resources. The essay also provides a critical view for the role of those shops in history, and their influences on subsequent shop designs after that.