Objective: The aim of the present, microcomputed tomographic (mCT) and histological study, was to evaluate the effect of surface modification by atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP) on vertical guided bone regeneration in a rabbit calvaria model. Material-Methods: The experimental study was conducted on 12 male New Zealand rabbits with healing periods of 45 and 90 days. Following surgical exposure of the calvarium, 4 customized titanium cylindricalders were fixed. Surface modification was achieved by application of APCP on 2 of cylinders (Pþ) in each calvarium and other cylinders were set as control (P-). In both experimental and control groups, one of the cylinders was filled with bone graft (Gþ) while the other one was left empty (G-). To evaluate short term effects, randomly selected 6 animals were sacrificed at the end of 45 days and remaining 6 animals were left for observing long term effects. Histological and mCT evaluations were used to examine new bone formation. Results: In mCT imaging; the bone volume was greater (P < 0.05) in grafted groups than nongrafted groups in both short and long term. The bone height values were significantly different in (P-G-) group than other groups (P < 0.05) in both evaluation periods. The histological evaluations revealed significant differences between PþGþ group and other groups but in long term both plasma treated groups revealed more bone formation than non plasma treated groups. Conclusion: Modification of the surfaces of titanium cylinders by APCP treatment, accelerated the bone regeneration either bone graft used or not in a rabbit calvaria model.@en

INTRODUCTION: Barrier membranes are used to create an empty space in the bone defects and to stabilize the blood clot to prevent soft tissue migration. Materials used as barriers should be characterized by some physico-chemical properties to improve biocompatibility, tissue integration, void formation ability and clinical use. The application of atmospheric cold plasma(ACP), which has been shown to increase surface energy and wettability in various materials intended to work, angularly examines and correlates the cellular uptake, protein adsorption and wettability on the surface of the titanium mesh. METHODS: Mesh with dimensions of 1x1 cm and a diameter of 1.6 mm with a thickness of 0.3 mm was treated with air barrier plasma obtained by using a specially produced microsensor pulsed plasma power source. While there is no application in the control group, the mills in the study group were subjected to ACP application with microgeneration plasma generator for 90 seconds. The contact angle measurements were made using a goniometer. RESULTS: The best result in the wettability evaluation was found to be measured in 90 seconds time. There was no statistically significant difference between the amount of protein in samples removed from the incubator after 6 hours of incubation period (p>0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between the groups in the 24-hour time frame (p<0.05). No significant difference was found on day 1 in cell viability (p>0.05) and expression, but a significant difference was found on days 3 and 5 (p<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Recently, argon atmospheric pressure plasma has been reported to increase cell diffusion and wettability in titanium discs. In terms of wettability, in accordance with other studies, our work also resulted in the ACP application increasing the wettability and decreasing the contact angle. Long-term effects on cell adhesion and proliferation are seen. Consequently, there is a need for further experimental and clinical studies of the subject. @en

The aim of the present study was to compare antibiofilm efficacies of the laser in contact and noncontact application modes and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm grown on sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs as an in vitro model of biofilm eradication on dental implant materials. Methods: S. aureus biofilm was matured on titanium discs for 7 days then, treated with contact and noncontact Er:YAG laser and CAP. Antibiofilm efficacy of laser and plasma treatments were evaluated with colony counting and safranin assays. Surface characteristics of titanium disc were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and surface roughness measurements. Temperature distribution over titanium discs were presented for the thermal safety assessment of laser and plasma treatments@en

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment and RGD peptide coating for enhancing cellular attachment and proliferation over titanium (Ti) surfaces. The surface structure of CAP-treated and RGD peptide-coated Ti discs were characterized by contact angle goniometer and atomic force microscopy. The effect of such surface modification on human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adhesion and proliferation was assessed by cell proliferation and DNA content assays. Besides, hMSCs’ adhesion and morphology on surface modified Ti discs were observed via fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. RGD peptide coating following CAP treatment significantly enhanced cellular adhesion and proliferation among untreated, CAP-treated and RGD peptide-coated Ti discs. The treatment of Ti surfaces with CAP may contribute to improved RGD peptide coating, which enables increased cellular integrations with the Ti surfaces.@en

Dental implants became very popular in daily dentistry practice especially in recent decade. However, a long period of osseointegration is the most undesired disadvantage of this method. Several studies have been published related to shorten the osseointegration time. Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) treatment is applied to titanium implants for shortening the osseointegration time by increasing the surface hydrophilicty and cell adhesion rate. In this study, ACP was applied to the surface of the titanium disc to increase hydrophilicty and osteoblast cell adhesion. Contact angle measurements were performed before and after ACP application. The effects of ACP applicaion on osteoblast cells action were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and SEM analysis. The contact angle measurments were decreased after the ACP application significantly. ACP treatment increased the adhesion and proliferation on titanium disc surface without causing oxidative stress on osteoblastic cells. @en

Besides the material type, surface characteristics of titanium based dental implants also affect the treatment success and time. Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) treatment and RGD peptide conjugation methods are applied to titanium implants for shortening the osseointegration time by increasing the surface hydrophilicty and cell adhesion rate. However the comparative effect of these two implant surface modification techniques has yet to be investgated. In the scope of this study, efficacy of the ACP treatment and RGD peptide conjugation methods has been evaluated by determining adhesion and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesencymal stem cells (MSC) on the surface of modified implants. It was shown that comparing the usage of two individual surface modifications, RGD peptid conjugation after ASP treatment of the implant surface had significantly higher MSC adhesion and proliferation.@en