The targeted removal of efficient but toxic corrosion inhibitors based on hexavalent chromium has provided an impetus for discovery of new, more benign organic compounds to fill that role. Developments in high-throughput synthesis of organic compounds, the establishment of large libraries of available chemicals, accelerated corrosion inhibition testing technologies, the increased capabilities of machine learning (ML) methods, and a better understanding of mechanisms of inhibition provide the potential to make discovery of new corrosion inhibitors faster and cheaper than ever before. These technical developments in the corrosion inhibition field are summarized herein. We describe how data-driven machine learning methods can generate models linking molecular properties to corrosion inhibition that can be used to predict the performance of materials not yet synthesized or tested. The literature on inhibition mechanisms is briefly summarized along with quantitative structure–property relationships models of small organic molecule corrosion inhibitors. The success of these methods provides a paradigm for the rapid discovery of novel, effective corrosion inhibitors for a range of metals and alloys, in diverse environments. A comprehensive list of corrosion inhibitors tested for various substrates that was curated as part of this review is accessible online https://excorr.web.app/database and available in a machine-readable format.