More and more IoT use cases require trustworthy computing from cloud/back-end services, which cannot necessarily provide a fully trusted execution environment, data immutability, and traceability. The integration of IoT with the blockchain technology is one of the most promising solution to achieve the previously mentioned features in the IoT networks. Researchers are also interested in integration solutions and several solutions are already present in the scientific literature. However, there are still some uncertainties in establishing a direct and effective interaction between an IoT device and the given blockchain. In this work, we propose the first IoT hardware architecture model designed to accelerate time-consuming operations of IoT-Blockchain. The proposed IoT hardware architecture model is programmed in SystemC-TLM and can provide a significant reduction in execution time, 53% and 18% when running Hyperledger Sawtooth and Ethereum applications respectively.@en

Recent literature claims that blockchain technology (BCT) has the potential to enhance interorganizational data sharing. Yet, in practice, BCTs implementation faces challenges that partly explain companies' reluctance to adopt BCT in their existing interorganizational environment. This is particularly striking in some economic sectors, such as the automotive industry transformed by the current digital servitization (DS) of the connected vehicle ecosystem; where traditional automotive businesses are being urged to collaborate with new ecosystem actors (e.g., insurance companies). With the perspective to tackle these challenges and promote the use of BCT at the interorganizational level, this article designs a BCT-based architecture based on Polkadot. Based on a design science research approach, we ensure alignment between the technological, interorganizational, and organizational dimensions of DS. Results are drawn from a dialog with the connected vehicle ecosystem's actors as well as a literature review at the intersection of BCT design, DS, and data sharing. Overall, results contribute to the existing literature on BCT design, as they emphasize the potential of multichain BCT to structure interorganizational settings. Additionally, the study provides design principles for integrating BCT into data-sharing contexts like the one observed in the connected vehicle ecosystem. More specifically, this research emphasizes the suitability of multichain architecture in allowing a balance between the decentralization of public blockchains and the control of private blockchains.@en

We present in this work a Lightweight Transaction Protocol (LTP) for enabling constrained embedded devices’ interaction with multiple types of blockchains via the LoRaWAN communication protocol. The proposed protocol provides the benefit of interacting with multiple blockchains with only 13.5% decrease in battery life. The protocol also includes a gateway module API that connects to blockchains and generic smart contracts to authenticate end devices and store their data. The study points out that, in the worst case, end-device data can be stored in blockchains with a latency of 20.3 seconds for Substrate and 6.8 seconds for the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain.@en