This thesis investigates the behavior of an elastomer spherical structure compressed by a small object compared to the cross-section of the structure. The study is based on the situation in which a child catches a ball multiple times with two hands. This was simplified to a situa
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This thesis investigates the behavior of an elastomer spherical structure compressed by a small object compared to the cross-section of the structure. The study is based on the situation in which a child catches a ball multiple times with two hands. This was simplified to a situation where a hemisphere was cyclically compressed by a small object. The elastomer chosen was the cured resin Elastic 50A, which is manufactured by Formlabs. Stereo lithography was used to print the investigated structures. Layer-by-layer printing introduced the ability to print the same structure with different layering. Elastomers and rubbers cannot be described by a linear material model. Therefore, the non-linear behavior of the elastomer was obtained experimentally. Material behavior was described by performing a uni-axial tensile test with dumbbell specimens printed in three different directions according to ASTM D412. The dumbbell specimens were printed in the x-, y- and z-directions, representing upright, lateral and supine positions. A comparison between the specimen force-deflection responses and the finite-element analysis(FEA) responses showed that different models performed best for different print directions. Ansys Mechanical was used to calibrate the hyper-elastic material models available to describe a material with a single uni-axial test. The curve fitting tool of Ansys was used to acquire the Arruda-Boyce, Gent and Yeoh model constants. The 2nd-order Yeoh model performed best for the x-direction printed specimen. The 1st-order Yeoh model performed best for the y- and z-direction printed specimen. These models were used in the finite-element analysis on the elastomer hemispheres. The hemispheres were printed in the y- and z- direction, representing the upright and lateral positions. The experimentally obtained peak forces for the z-direction printed hemisphere were 19.61 and 17.76 N for the velocities of 50 and 500mm/min, respectively. The peak forces for the y-direction printed hemisphere were 19.40 and 17.51 N for the velocities of 50 and 500mm/min, respectively. The prediction of the finite- element analysis showed a higher peak force at 50mm/min of 33.78, 29 and 36.27 N for the x-, y- and z-direction models used, respectively. The prediction of the finite-element analysis showed a higher peak force at 500 mm/min of 33.62, 28.91 and 36.1 N for the x-, y- and z-direction models used, respectively. The hysteresis found during the compression test did not match the hysteresis found in the FEA. The experimentally obtained hysteresis was larger than the hysteresis predicted by finite-element analysis. Both hemispheres were able to support the loads without damage for ten cycles.