This research addresses the critical issue of the poor implementation of sanitation and its effect on community and environmental health in the Global South. To overcome the social, cultural, technical, and financial complexities underlying poor sanitation, the participation of local community members in sanitation planning processes is deemed crucial for the successful development and implementation of sanitation systems.
To engage local stakeholders as decision-makers and improve design freedom, it is proposed to engage stakeholders in determining their demands, needs, and priorities by combining the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) as a participatory decision-making method. The applicability and suitability of this method are assessed through a case study in Hagonoy, the Philippines, in which two parallel design cycles are carried out: one with only local sanitation experts as decision-makers and one with only local community members as decision-makers. A systematic literature review of design criteria applicable to sanitation design processes was conducted to overcome selectors' bias regarding the decision criteria assessed in the FAHP and the FGD. The FAHP data was collected among 60 community members evenly distributed over six neighbourhoods in Hagonoy and six local sanitation experts. Three FGDs were held with local community members, whilst one FGD was held with local sanitation experts. The design cycle based on the defined design scope was limited to the development of a conceptual design, proposing a treatment train capable of treating the produced domestic wastewater such that the effluent satisfies the local General Effluent Standards, specifically for the parameters water volume, Total Phosphorus (TP), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia (NH3), and Nitrate (NO32-). Wastewater treatment technologies aligning with the demands and needs specified by the stakeholders were obtained from scientific literature, which were combined into a sanitation system configuration that could treat the water sufficiently.
The completion of a sanitation design process without predefining the possible solutions, but by integrating the FAHP + FGD in the systematic derivation of the design scope, demonstrated how a demand- and need-driven design approach allows increased flexibility and sensitivity for the context in the development of a design. The parallel design cycles showed how the FAHP + FGD method could be applied as a systematic procedure to understand how design criteria in sanitation design are preferred and interpreted differently between local community members and local sanitation experts and how this can influence the conceptual design. Altogether, this research contributes to the body of knowledge in community-engaged sanitation design by demonstrating the effectiveness of the FAHP and FGD method in engaging community members in a need-driven design process, overcoming selectors’ bias for technologies and trade-offs, and producing relevant design proposals. However, acknowledging that the FAHP + FGD method was limited to engaging stakeholders only in defining the needs and demands, verification of the designs’ alignment with the perspectives of stakeholders and continuous engagement throughout the entire design process is essential to be further researched in the future.

An increasing trend of urbanization, land shortages and frequent floodings have created unfavorable living circumstances for Philippine inhabitants. Finch Floating Homes aims to repurpose the permanently flooded ricefields in Hagonoy into flood-proof, typhoon-resilient, affordable housing. The floating neighborhood will serve as storm-resilient living and have an educational purpose on circular living and recovering resources. The pilot floating home is equipped according to current sanitation practices, a septic tank. The septic tanks are usually emptied in drainage fields or surface water. With the aim of circularity in mind, an alternative sanitation had to be designed.

The neighborhood aspects and social implications were analyzed after which a set of eight design criteria were drafted. With the design criteria a framework was set up for selecting a flexible sanitation system that fits a range of desired effluent qualities. The framework offered treatment compartments that can be combined depending upon the location and effluent requirements. Three different treatment scenarios were compared based on the effluent qualities and costs. Scenario 2 containing a UASB-septic tank as primary treatment and a polishing step with water hyacinths, was found to be the most cost-effective. A final effluent concentration of 3 g/L COD, 0,05 mg/L NH3 and between 53 and 134 mg/L P was reached. And based on the die-off of E.coli, a pathogen removal of 5 log units was achieved.

Next, the conceptualization was laid out. The platforms on which the houses float, were made up of standard modules that were prefabricated and assembled on-site. Rainbarrels in wooden frames provided floating ability. The UASB-septic tank had similar dimensions as the rainbarrels, meaning no specialized treatment platform had to be built since the reactor could take the place of a rainbarrel. The disinfection tubes are placed on top of the platform and could be added at any time if the effluent quality demands a low pathogen level.
The final polishing pond was constructed from locally sourced materials and can be built in any shape that suits the neighborhood as long as the surface area is 17 m2.

The treatment system also offered possibilities for resource recovery in the form of biogas, irrigation water, fertilizer and reuse of the plant mass (food, extra COD, fabric raw materials). The residents could benefit from the biogas in the form of a communal kitchen suitable for social gatherings. The fertilizer and irrigation water were applied in communal gardens. Communal areas aided in improving relations between neighbors which created a pleasant environment.

The final treatment design was a scalable, affordable and sustainable treatment system with a range of resource recovery possibilities.

Due to global warming and the subsequent rise of the sea level, scarcity of land to build on, the continues increase of the world’s population and a shift in population from rural areas to the city, there is a need for innovative projects to tackle or deal with the increase of needed liveable area. One of the solutions is floating cities. A component of a modern city is high-rise buildings. High-rise is an advantageous option to deal with the limited availability of ground surface on the floating platforms. The question is whether it is possible to realise these floating high-rise structures.
This research investigates whether it is possible to realise high-rise buildings on floating platforms with limited dimensions on the sea or ocean regarding stability. And if it is feasible, what the requirements are for the general dimensions of both the platform and the high-rise building. For this purpose, conditions were used from three representative locations. At these three locations, the floating high-rise is tested for four different wave situations: Tsunami, Growing waves, most extreme wave. And an Irregular wave field. The platform and building are tested whether the structure could meet the various requirements and regulations. These are divided into three forms of stability: Buoyancy, static stability and dynamic stability.
In this study, for both the platform and the building a square cross-section is used and both are prismatic in the direction of the height. The platform and the core of the building are made of concrete. Apart from the four parameters: height of the building and width, height and depth of the platform all other parameters are based on these four parameters. No stability systems in the building were used (except the core), nor methods to keep the platform in place, such as mooring systems.
For the buoyancy, mainly the relation between the mass and the depth of the platform is determined. This is a relationship that has been used extensively in static and dynamic stability. The mass of the building and platform pose few problems for staying afloat. In fact, extra ballast water can easily be used to make the platform heavier in order to achieve the desired mass or depth.
For the static stability a combination of hand calculations based on the GM-method and a model that can include deformations in the calculations as well is used. A linear relationship was found between the height of the building and the width of the platform for which the floating high-rise is stable.
The model is used to determine the minimum platform depth and height, as well as the rotation for different building heights and platform widths. It follows that there are platform widths for which the vertical force is minimal. This is when the width of the platform is equal to the wavelength of the wave or a multiple of it. In addition, there are platform widths for which the moment due to the wave force on the platform is minimal. These values are called "zero moment widths" because for these widths the wave moment, regardless of position or time, is approximately equal to 0 kNm. Therefore the rotation is minimal when these zero moment widths are used for the platform width. These widths are only optimal for the specific wavelength for which they are calculated. If the wavelength is different, the zero moment widths will be different.
For the dynamic stability, a model consisting of three point masses distributed over the height connected with a beam was used. The three point masses each have three degrees of freedom: vertical and horizontal translation and rotation. With this model the accelerations of the three possible motions for different heights of the building, platform widths and platform masses (this can be adjusted by including ballast water) are calculated. It follows that: The tsunami and the growing wave are not a problem and the most extreme wave or the irregular wave field is normative; The vertical acceleration is minimal when the width of the platform is equal to the wavelength or a multiple of it; The vertical acceleration is only normative for small building heights and platform widths, whereas it is the biggest cause of seasickness; The horizontal acceleration at the top of the building due to both the horizontal motion and the rotation is almost always normative. It is largely caused by the rotation of the platform; If the zero moment widths are used for the width of the platform, the rotation and thus the horizontal acceleration is minimal. This does not mean that the accelerations are below the limit.
In order to avoid resonance in the motion, and thus extreme accelerations, of the floating high-rise with an irregular wave field, graphs are made were the combination of the height of the building and the width of the platform that result in resonance are shaded.
Using the results of the static and dynamic analysis and a few case studies, it can be concluded that with the design choices and simplifications used, it is not possible to realise floating high-rise buildings on platforms with limited dimension at the North Sea and the North of the Atlantic ocean due to too extreme condition causing too high accelerations, especially in the horizontal motion. The static stability and the buoyancy are less of a problem. If one of these locations is chosen, platforms over 600 m wide are required that are so stable that the rotation of the platform is minimal and no resonance occurs in the rotation motion. In this case, the conditions are similar to those on land and the wind force becomes the governing factor. In those cases, the same approach and measures should be used as for high-rise buildings on land. Even with these sizes, it is advised to use the zero moment widths to limit the rotation as much as possible.
The location on the Atlantic Ocean around the equator is the only location that is promising. The results show that several building heights are possible on different platform dimensions for the highest wave, as long as the platforms have the zero moment widths dimensions. However, it appears that the accelerations become too high when these sizes for the building and platform are tested with different wave frequencies with lower wave heights. Therefore, this option might not be suitable either, but it is not excluded in this research. One option is found that meets the regulations for all possible wave frequencies is a 50 m building on a platform 223 m wide (a zero moment width) and 22.7 m deep for the location around the equator. This proves that it is possible to construct high-rise buildings on platforms of limited size with the design choices used, but that it is very difficult and the options are limited.
Despite the conclusion that it is almost impossible with the design choices, floating high-rise buildings on limited platforms are still expected to be possible as the design can be improved. The first next steps to investigate are other, better shapes for the platform and building to increase stability and reduce overall forces. In addition, it is recommended that other methods of increasing stability and reducing motion, such as building stabilisation systems and tuned mass dampers, are investigated. With these improvements floating high-rise is more feasible than found in this research.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ’s 2021 report, the recent sea level rate has nearly tripled in the last few decades compared with 1901-1971. It estimates that the sea levels may rise by 20 cm in the next thirty years or up to 80 cm by the end of 2100. The increase in sea levels poses serious questions and challenges to the housing infrastructure in flood-prone areas. Two locations that have been severely affected by the tidal and fluvial floods and typhoons are the provinces of Bulacan and Pampanga in the Philippines region. There is a ground level subsidence of up to 5cm per year because of the uncontrolled ground-water level conditions prevalent worsening the floods. The high levels of stagnant waters causes unsanitary conditions in these areas. In 2017, Pieter Ham, co-founder of Finch Floating Homes, developed a floating house model suitable for the Philippines’ climatic conditions. After the prototype construction was proven successful, they are now venturing into creating a floating neighborhood in Hagonany, located on the island of Luzon. This research topic aims to study the urban physics context of the floating homes neighborhood. Alazne Enchaniz Jurado, as part of her master thesis in 2021 at Delft University of Technology, designed resilient coastal neighborhoods for the city of Hagonoy, Philippines. After extensive research on the geographical, social, and cultural context, she designed floating neighborhood models suiting the needs and requirements of the people. However, the urban physics parameters of these concepts are to be further studied to determine the thermal and wind comfort of the occupants in the outdoor areas. This is because of the high-temperature tropical climate present in that region. Therefore, the primary focus of the present project, this MSc thesis, is to understand the role of urban physics in floating community development. It focuses on the influence of vegetation and urban form configurations on the outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor wind comfort of the open spaces, as they serve as the primary gathering locations for the residents. After analyzing the results, it concludes that increasing vegetation decreases the daytime temperatures, thereby improving the comfortability index. Additionally, the urban form also significantly plays a role in influencing the micro-climate of the region.

With increasing adoption of modular construction in the residential sector, its adoption in the Dutch healthcare sector is studied. Whilst the initial costs can be higher, this method of construction claims to have cost benefits over conventional construction. These are the benefits of construction speed and residual value at the end of lifespan amongst others. Modular buildings are also often advertised as sustainable, because the credentials gained from lean manufacturing coincide with a selection of sustainability objectives [1]. Healthcare projects have higher requirements and process hurdles, which make construction in healthcare much more complex than in the residential sector. However, in the UK, a study of offsite manufacture and modular volumetric construction methods concluded it to be the cost efficient solution necessary for the NHS, which led to 40 modular hospitals planned to be built until the year 2030 [2]. This means that the benefits and drawbacks of a modular approach must be weighed, and this is done in the Dutch context. A life cycle costing is proposed as the fitting tool of assessment.

Interviews were held with Dutch modular contractors to reveal the capabilities and specifics of building in a modular way and find proof for each cost factor. Experts in healthcare construction were interviewed to determine healthcare project priorities and find out whether these are catered for by modular construction. A live construction project of a hotfloor department was then studied. Several options competed in the tender project and were compared in the case study. By collecting the cost quotes and arguing for the monetary value of the identified cost factors, a life cycle cost calculation was done. Additionally, sustainability was considered by calculating the novel carbon tax. To expand the application of results to other projects, sensitivity studies were carried out for each life cycle cost parameter.

The study found that there is application for modular construction in healthcare in the Netherlands. Facilities, which do not host medical installations, do not differ to the construction used in residential modules. As for facilities such as the studied hotfloor department, larger modules and a lesser degree of finish offsite decreases the competitiveness of this construction approach. However, several evident cost factors were proposed to be considered within a life cycle costing. These were earlier income due to faster construction, a gain due to less interest and the residual value. It was found that these considerations allow for a 49,0% increase on the initial cost of a modular option in comparison to a conventional option. A hypothesis was further proposed, stating that the competitiveness of the modular option depends on three criteria. These include the initial modular option costs being up to 49,0% more expensive; the saving in construction time having a monetary value to the client; and life cycle costing results being used in total cost comparison.

In 2018, the ‘Deltaplan Ruimtelijke Adaptatie’, has been set up by the National Institute of Health and Environment (RIVM) for the purpose of facilitating the transformation to a climate adaptive living environment. As part of the Deltaplan, municipalities have been asked to perform a heat risk assessment through standardised outdoor thermal comfort maps, formulated in terms of the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). The heat risk assessment has increased awareness of urban heat related issues amongst municipalities, and sparked interest in heat-proof (re)development of urban areas. However, appropriate tools for outdoor thermal comfort assessment in the early stage of urban design are currently not available, as established PET simulation tools come at large computational cost. In response to the absence of appropriate outdoor thermal comfort design tools, this thesis proposes a Grasshopper-based PET simulation tool with an adequate balance between time-efficiency and sufficient accuracy for the early design stage. Additionally, a study into the heat mitigation efficiency of varying Height-to-Width ratio (H/W ratio), street orientation and facade albedo for extreme heat events in the Netherlands provides global rules of thumb for heat-proof urban design.

Through literature review, conditions for appropriate determination of four meteorological input parameters for PET calculation (urban air temperature, mean radiant temperature, urban relative humidity and urban wind speed) have been determined, which have been used to construct the PET simulation model. The PET model has been validated to be sufficiently accurate through both literature and sense-checks and shows a considerable improved time-efficiency in comparison with established simulation tools such as ENVI-met. The model is thus considered suitable for application in the early design stage. Application of the model is limited to (1) cities in Western-Europe, (2) situations of low wind speed and (3) the months of April to September.

Because of its rather quick computation time, the Grasshopper PET simulation model has been used to formulate basic rules-of-thumb for heat proof design through a study into the effects of varying H/W ratio, street orientation and facade albedo. The study has been performed for a representative urban canyon in the Netherlands for an analysis period from 12.00 – 18.00 on an above average warm summer day. Study results show decreased spatially and temporally averaged PET in the urban canyon for increasing H/W ratio. Considering street orientation, highest average PET occurs for streets oriented towards the South-East (SE) and lowest average PET occurs for streets oriented towards the North-East (NE). Varying H/W appears to be the most effective strategy for heat mitigation with a heat mitigation potential of up to 5.6 \degree C, closely followed by varying street orientation with a heat mitigation potential of up to 4.7 \degree C. Default settings for street orientation affect the effectiveness of varying H/W ratio and vice versa: Varying H/W ratio is considered most effective for SE street orientations (heat mitigation potential of up to 5.6 \degree C) and least effective for NE street orientations (heat mitigation potential of up to 3.9 \degree C). Varying street orientation is considered most effective for larger H/W ratios (heat mitigation potential of up to 4.7 \degree C for H/W ratio 1.0) and least effective for smaller H/W ratios (heat mitigation potential of up to 3.0 \degree C for H/W ratio 0.5). From the study results, no firm conclusions can be drawn with regards to the effectiveness of varying between low albedo facades (albedo = 0.3, untreated facades) and high albedo facades (albedo = 0.8, white-painted facades): The results appear to be highly dependent on the number of ambient bounces (ab) of reflected shortwave radiation considered in mean radiant temperature calculation. Depending on the considered number of bounces, either low albedo facades (ab = 2) or high albedo facades (ab = 4) result in lower average PET in the urban canyon. At the time of writing, it is uncertain which number of ambient bounces should be considered realistic for calculation. For both considered number of ambient bounces, however, study results show that the heat mitigation potential of facade albedo is significantly lower than that of H/W ratio and street orientation.

For the considered urban canyon, a combination of H/W ratio 1.0 and SE street orientation results in the lowest average PET (approximately 38 \degree C), whereas a combination of H/W ratio 0.5 and NE street orientation results in highest average PET (approximately 47 \degree C). Dependent on the number of ambient bounces considered, either low- or high albedo facades result in highest average PET. However, the contribution of façade albedo on the mentioned PET values is limited (up to $\pm$ 1 \degree C). An exploration into the effects of ground- and façade material on the obtained average PET results suggests that varying ground- and façade material moderately affects average PET results. Further research is needed to quantify the exact effect of varying ground- and facade material on PET.

For future research, it is additionally recommended to perform a more elaborated validation with field measurements. The focus of a validation study should be on calculation of mean radiant temperature, as the calculation method implemented in the PET model is currently a draft version. Other interesting topics for future research are the implementation of vegetation in the PET model, and improvement of the wind speed calculation for more accurate wind speed modelling.

The Philippines is a country where most of the human settlements are on the coast. Rapid urbanisation caused by economic development and annual population increment affects the housing situation in the country. In addition, climate change has increased the prevalence of natural disasters, such as floods, typhoons, rising sea levels, tidal movement, and heavy rainfall. In the city of Hagonoy, citizens struggle with the effects of natural disasters, particularly in housing conditions. Typically, locals employ ad-hoc solutions suchlike raising the dwelling one floor higher every few years, which is a costly and inefficient solution in the long term.
The Filipino society is a close-knit ecosystem formed by different stakeholders with contrasting interests and needs. When combining the stakeholders with the increasing environmental pressures, it becomes an even more complex problem. This thesis presents an exploration in implementing long-lasting solutions in coastal rural areas to form resilient communities in the light of the arising problems.
A holistic approach is necessary to generate a neighbourhood that corresponds to the living conditions and resists natural hazards. Firstly, literature and historical research were done to study the events that generated the current society. Secondly, participatory design sessions involved the end-user in the designing process and explored their daily needs. Then these insights were brought together in a system map of people, elements and spaces, and a city map, visualising locals' desires for the future community and analysing the solution space. Finally, the co-design of a floating neighbourhood was conceptualised based on an existing pilot floating home and the required living conditions.
The generated hybrid neighbourhood shows potential to create a resilient neighbourhood where the citizens' desires are placed in the middle of the community planning. Accessibility, sociability and incrementality attributes were perceived as vital to ensuring social acceptance.
The neighbourhood extension illustrates the community's possibility to grow and increment in a non-invasive manner while respecting the dynamics of the existing city. On this basis, the concept of co-creating a hybrid neighbourhood should be considered when designing resilient communities in coastal rural areas in the Philippines and countries under similar circumstances

This graduation thesis comprises a feasibility study and design of a floating classroom which can offer students a safe learning environment in typhoon and flood-prone areas by designing a classroom which is typhoon resilient with a floating foundation. This research is a follow-up study to the Finch Floating Homes project. One month of field research has provided more insight into the local problems in the schools, climate, materials and wishes from the school. These insights in combination with a literature study on school design, typhoon resiliency and indoor comfort are the basic principles for the design. Additional parameters are set up by analyzing the Finch Floating Home and the Makoko floating school and the design principles of the Finch’s buildings. In the design framework, there is a design analysis in which the choices for the design are explained followed by a structural analysis in which the design is tested for its resistance to high wind speeds that can occur with a typhoon and for its buoyancy by using the calculation software Technosoft and Axisvm. Also, passive design strategies which are implemented in the design are explained to make the classroom indoor comfortable. The result is a design of a floating classroom that is able to offer the students a safe and comfortable learning environment which is ready to be built.

This thesis aims to provide passive design recommendations to improve the design quality of low income houses in the Philippines, by evaluating the indoor environmental quality of the pilot floating house project. The pilot project is the result of researches carried out by Pieter Ham and Joran Van Schaik to find a solution for the housing backlog, poor living conditions and the seasonal natural disasters in the low lying areas of the Philippines. The thesis focuses on the indoor environmental quality, the thermal comfort of the pilot house. Prior to the field visit, the significant parameters for the in situ measurement and the comfort standards for the region are chosen by literature studies. A systematic measurement plan is made in order to perform in situ measurements and field study. The measurements are done for a period of nine days. In addition to this, one of the objectives of the research is to develop an economical measuring and remotely accessible monitoring device for the thermal comfort parameters. It is achieved by programming Raspberry Pi and DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor. Hypotheses are formulated after the field visit. Then the measured data is sorted systematically and analysed. This analysed data is further studied and the comfort performance of the house is compared with the comfort standards of the region. It is found that the performance is quite satisfactory for all the spaces in the house except the attic space, which has higher temperatures than the upper comfort level. Moreover the usability of the existing doors needs improvement in terms of controlling privacy and air velocity. For the improvements, it is envisioned to have minimal interventions to the existing design and construction. For this two options are put forward. Both the options are compared with the existing design by making DesignBuilder models. The simulation results of the models are compared to find the better performing strategy. Final design is made with the inference from the comparison of the simulation results, and visits to the local architecture. From the final design, the following design improvement recommendations are put forward for the housing type: “openings for ventilation at sleeping height in the attic floor” “openings at top of the roof to enhance stack effect” “collapsible doors with louvered shutters for providing users with more option in controlling air velocity and privacy”

Philippine low-income housing is uncomfortable since it is not built to deal with the hot and humid climate in a passive way. Since local vernacular architecture is known to have a good climatic responsive performance, the aim of this research is to learn how Philippine vernacular design strategies can improve thermal comfort for low-lying, sub-urban and rural, low-income housing. The strategies studied are openings, eaves, stilts, orientation, roof insulation and roof angle.
 Two-day in-situ thermal measurements are used to study the comfort performance of the housing typology. To study the influence of the strategies or combinations of them on comfort, numerical predictions are used consisting of energy and CFD, wind-driven simulations. The numerical models are validated before the strategies are varied on a general case or a case study. The average exceeding temperature (AET) in Kelvin is used to assess comfort. It is calculated by accumulating for every hour of the year the exceeding temperature in Kelvin and divide this by the amount of hours that could be uncomfortable. A conceptual implementation study is performed to take disaster resilient and practical considerations into account. The impact of varying the strategies on the case study resulted in a reduction in AET of about 5 K for openings, 0.7 K for orientation, 0.6 K for eaves, 0.5 K for stilts and 0.1 K for roof insulation. On this basis, it can concluded that applying the guidelines as stated below, comfort increases significantly. More impact can be obtained if the strategies are implemented and combined as described by the passive design guidelines below. • To increase wind driven ventilation in wind direction, openings should be made on the wind- and leeward facade until ground floor, have an opening height (O_h) based on the facade height (F_h) by the rule of thumb: O_h[m]=0.85·F_h[m], include a leeward roof opening and include openings on the remaining facades. • Dependent on the wind direction, the openings should be opened accordingly. If no wind is present, all roof openings should be opened. During typhoons, they should be closed. • As much open area on facades in the main monsoon wind direction is advised. The openings on the other facades should be placed in the middle of the width to increase the performance with wind coming from the other directions. • Hinged eaves with a 15° angle and length calculated by the rule of thumb:  E_l,15°[m]=0.6·F_h[m] should be used. During typhoons they should be folded in to decrease the related pressures.
• Increasing stilts height increases comfort by an exponential decay. To determine the height, a comfort increase of about 0.17 K for 1 meter, 0.30 K for 2 meter and 0.40 K for 3 meter in AET reduction are obtained. Braced, wooden stilts are advised to protect against floods and increase earthquake resilient behaviour. • A roof insulation with an Rc-value of 1 m²K/W is advised to gain about 0.2 K AET. Further research is needed on buoyancy driven ventilation to improve the provided design guidelines.

All around the world floods are a growing problem. Dealing with high water levels in residential areas is of great importance. The delta area of Macabebe, in the Manila Bay, has to cope with daily flooding, caused by the river and the sea. Groundwater is pumped and used for local industry, causing land subsidence and worsening the problems. Where once rice fields were the main source of income, these fields are now fishponds where fish escape during a large flood. Additionally, typhoons strike the region regularly. Due to climate change and the ongoing ground subsidence the problems won’t lessen, so a solution needs to be found. In the Netherlands, multiple organizations are working daily on finding solutions. One of these is Finch Floating Homes, who designed a typhoon resilient, floating home for in the Philippines. This design had to be elaborated on before construction of a pilot project. This report contains the needed changes and advice for the design of the floating home. Through research, local interviews and analysis, the design of the house has been improved on the roof, sanitary system and mooring system and a construction plan has been created for the pilot project.

Based on a revision of the roof shape, the hip roof turned out to be the best shape in a typhoon prone area. During the design, the geometry of the housing unit was slightly changed into a double symmetrical geometry, increasing constructability and simplicity of the house. The design of the roof structure and its connections, consisting of four identical prefabricated frames, is presented. After prefabrication, the frames will be connected on-site, after which the newly designed foldable balconies will be placed in the frames. The material used in the design is corrugated steel roof sheeting.
The final roof shape is used to calculate the rainwater collection. The floating house requires a self-sustaining system that fulfils the needs of drinking water and wastewater treatment. This
system consists of three separate systems: (1) rainwater harvesting, consisting of a drainage system, first flush barrel system and sand filter. (2) Storage of water, capable of storing sufficient water for one-third of the total usage over 80% of the year. (3) Wastewater, based on natural treatment before discharge into the surface water, containing a septic tank and wetland filter.
The water management system within the foundation, the wind load on the house, waves and currents influence the motions of the floating structure and the forces on the mooring system. An analysis of the options for mooring systems leads to the decision of using mooring piles. The total stiffness of the piles influences the horizontal motion and rotation of the platform. The vertical motion is a free behaviour; it is not influenced by the mooring piles. It is needed to choose a specific combination of pile length and bending stiffness, after which the strength of the pile is checked.
The design is used for the project construction plan, focussing on the time, risk and change management of the pilot project. The resources and construction activities and their duration were identified to develop a schedule for controlling the construction phase. Preparations and construction of the pilot will take 13 weeks, but includes several risks. Response strategies for these risks are proposed, to use for a risk mitigation plan. Finally, advice is given on how to manage possible design changes regarding new research, development of design and up-scaling changes after a successful pilot project.

With the use of this report and more detailed research and design, the pilot project will be an optimal test of the floating house in the Philippines.