With the growing exposure of urban areas in seismic countries as Romania, in terms of buildings and population, it is of paramount importance to characterize at best both the built environment and the near surface. At urban and building scale level, the MULTICARE project will improve the existing methodologies and deliver technical and scientific knowledge for multi-hazard early warning monitoring and rapid response in multiple case-study areas across Europe. Our analysis will focus on two Romanian demonstrators: Tecuci, which serves as a digital demonstrator for multi-risk assessment and development of a decision support system, and Bucharest, which is based on a physical demonstrator, through retrofitting an existing residential building. The first step consists of the baseline characterization of the two demonstrators and data acquisition (earthquake and noise measurements) in free-field and buildings. In order to create a digital twin of the selected buildings, remote sensing equipment was used (ground-based laser scanning, UAVbased photogrammetry, UAV-based LiDAR). The installation setup for seismic monitoring and the near-surface measurements will be presented, together with some preliminary results on the monitoring and decision-support framework. The integration of early warning system capabilities and real-time building monitoring is a key aspect. The results contribute to better understanding the intervention solution, quantify the improvements of the retrofit work, calibrate the digital simulations on seismic risk scenarios and could be used operationally as a baseline for informed and rapid decision-making.@en

A decade of improvements and new development of tools for observation statistics, standard point positioning, clock-jumps and cycle-slip detection and other interruptions over all constellations, frequencies and signals, satellite elevations and azimuths, elevation-specific histograms, satellite ascending/descending times for horizon and user elevation cut-off, pseudo-range multipath and noise, carrier-phase signal-to-noise ratio, data gaps and small data pieces and other useful lists and statistics allow us to analyze in detail the GNSS data collected for one of the main research subjects resulted from the September 2013 unique seismic swarm event that occurred in Romania. Open-source software such as: G-Nut/Anubis (Geodetic Observatory Pecný), RTKLIB, gLAB (European Space Agency) and commercial software like: Leica Spider QC, Leica Geo Office are used for quality control over all available data of the Ph.D. thesis called “An integrated GNSS and seismotectonic study of the NW Galati seismogenic area”. The main purpose of the paper is currently the quantity and quality monitoring of all available GNSS data achieved in 4 years of continuous monitoring along with the solutions obtained from the 4 GPS measuring campaigns (2013-2016), i.e. signals, frequencies and satellite constellations.@en

In this paper we present the results of an analysis of 15 years of continuous GNSS/GPS measurements in Romania. The purpose of this work is threefold: monitoring of crustal changes occurring in the Romanian territory in correlation with tectonic processes in South-East Europe (Africa-Europe plate interaction), observation of crustal movements in order to establish the surface-to-depth relationship of deep earthquakes in the area of the Eastern Carpathians bend zone (Vrancea region) and improving the accuracy of the coordinates of the national seismic network stations. The development of the Romanian GNSS/GPS (Global Navigation Satellite System/Global Positioning System) network started in 2001 when the first permanent station was installed at Lacauti in the Vrancea seismogenic area. Since then the network has grown to 27 stations covering the entire Romanian territory and is still expanding. In our analysis we also include 18 GNSS stations of the GeoPontica network, developed and maintained by the National Research and Development Institute for Marine Geology and Geoecology, with the purpose to monitor geodynamic processes in the Western Black Sea coastal area. It consists of 13 stations in Romania and 5 in Bulgaria. In this paper we provide a comprehensive description of the GPS networks, reflecting the actual capabilities, justifying implementation choices and presenting the results. The GPS data were processed in daily batches with the “precise point positioning” (PPP) strategy using the GIPSY-OASIS software. From the resulting position timeseries the horizontal and vertical motion vectors were calculated relative to a stable Eurasian reference frame. The results of our study show that internally the Romanian territory appears to be quite stable, but the whole country trends to move slightly southward relative to Eurasia at velocity rates of about 2.5 – 3.0 mm/yr, especially the southern part. We speculate that this is a far-field effect of slab roll-back due to the subduction of the African plate under the Eurasian plate at the Aegean trench, way to the south. Until now, we did not observe any long-term signals due to the deep Vrancea earthquakes because the effects on surface motion are probably small, but we will do more detailed studies of some recent (2016) Mw 5.3 seismic events in the Vrancea area.@en