Plant-based meat alternatives are seeing considerable interest due to their potential to reduce environmental burden and enhance population health. The food industry, therefore, seeks routes to provide the consumer with whole-cut plant-based products that closely resemble meat products. High-moisture extrusion (HME) of plant proteins enables the industrial manufacturing of meat-like products with highly hierarchical structural organisation of fibres. The major bottleneck in serving the growing market for these products is a lack of insight into
how multiscale structures evolve during shear processing. Furthermore, it remains an open question of how two biopolymers, one being a plant protein and the other being a polysaccharide, contribute to the anisotropic structure formation during HME. This study shows how the complementary use of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can add clarity to these matters, benefiting from the different contrasts in scattering length density (SLD) encountered with each of these methods. It is demonstrated that two
biopolymers have differences in the development of structural anisotropy. The protein fibril alignment starts in the extruder section with its further development along the cooling die. On the other hand, for polysaccharide fibres, the strongest local alignment has been found in the transition zone.
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Sustainability, health and animal welfare concerns drive consumers to plant-based meat alternatives, but their mouthfeel is still lacking. Mimicking the complex fibrous meat structure is key for alternative whole-cut products to be accepted by meat lovers. A recent study, published in Food Hydrocolloids, shows what neutrons and X-rays tell us about hierarchical structure formation of soy-based meat alternatives. This is a multi-institutional study by scientists from the Delft University of Technology, Wageningen University & Research, ISIS Neutron and Muon Source and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. [...]@en