The continuous operation and planning of electric power systems undergoes several technical and economic changes associated with environmental and societal goals toward clean, affordable, and resilient sustainable energy supply and deployment. This entails diverse upgrades, which
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The continuous operation and planning of electric power systems undergoes several technical and economic changes associated with environmental and societal goals toward clean, affordable, and resilient sustainable energy supply and deployment. This entails diverse upgrades, which include, for instance, integration with other energy sectors and massive addition of renewable power generation, responsive demand, and different types of storage. The dynamic properties and strength of power systems are evolving toward unprecedented levels with lowered sources for the effective management of active and reactive power balancing in different time scales. Thus, the overall security and reliability performance can be seriously compromised as unexpected disturbances may eventually cause violations to the security limits that are established for the electric power system; this may lead to the outage of important system elements and even partial or total blackouts.@en
