This study develops a methodology to characterise and forecast large consumers’ electricity demand, particularly municipalities, with hundreds of different metered supply points based on the previous characterisation of facilities’ consumption. Demand forecasting allows consumers to improve their participation in electricity markets and manage their electricity consumption. The method considers a classification by different types of metered supply points combined with artificial neural networks to obtain hourly forecasts using well-known parameters such as day types, hourly temperature, the last hour of electricity consumption, and sunrise and sunset time. We apply the methodology to the municipality of Valencia using over five hundred hourly load profiles for a year during 2017 and 2018. Our results present aggregated forecasts with a maximum Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 3.8% per day, outperforming the same forecast without classifying Metered Supply Points. We conclude that a correct electricity demand forecast for a consumer with different types of consumption does not need submetering, but characterising Metered Supply Points is an option with lower costs that allows for better predictions.

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The authors regret <To not have included during the publication process the acknowledgement to a project that has been part of this work and want to include in the acknowledgements part: This work was partially supported by the Grant TED2021-129722B-C31 (ALIVE-DER), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. >. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

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Local energy communities require tools to select their most fitting community members, power-sharing strategy and technologies for their goals. This work aims to develop a model and a methodology to optimise local energy communities. We evaluate the presence of a battery energy storage system with different capacities and ownership options. Besides, we test two different sharing strategies like static and variable coefficients. Finally, we characterise local energy communities’ demand by comparing residential and commercial loads and varying the number of consumption points. We apply the method to a case study consisting of a 100 kWp photovoltaic installation in Valencia simulated with an hourly resolution for a whole year. We use real consumption data from households and commercial buildings and the current administrative requirements, obtaining the flows and status of each component within the local energy community at every moment. We assess each alternative's economic performance, autarchy degree, and the amount of avoided greenhouse gasses emissions. Results indicate that a local energy community well optimised can fulfil economic, environmental or self-consumption goals. Results only advise installing a storage to increase the degree of self-consumption. Moreover, we obtain the best financial and environmental results in large communities with a 75% residential consumption.@en

The European Union advocates for legislative support to local energy communities. Measures include the promotion of dynamic energy allocation and discriminatory electricity tariffs such as the recent Spanish framework. However, the impact of these normative changes is not yet evaluated. This paper inquires into the impact of dynamic allocation coefficient and different electricity tariffs on the profitability of local energy communities. To do so, a linear optimisation model is developed and applied to real consumer data in Spain around a variable capacity photovoltaic generation plant. Comparing the economic performance of the static or variable power allocation under the effect of changing electricity tariffs. While both measures are beneficial, the new electricity tariffs result in larger profitability increases than the planned variable coefficients. The combination of measures allows for profitability improvements of up to 25% being complementary measures. However, installations that maximise the potential for electricity generation are still not as profitable due to the low purchase price of surplus energy. While discriminatory electricity price tariffs and variable allocation coefficients are positive measures, further measures are needed for these communities to install generation plants as large as the potential that each case allows.@en

Demand response is a key element of future power systems due to its capacity to defer grid investments, improve demand participation in the market, and absorb renewable energy source variations. In this regard, demand response can play an important role in delivering ancillary services to power systems. The lack of standardization and ancillary services programs prepared for traditional generators have blocked the participation of demand in these services. Nowadays, increasing needs to ensure the security of supply, renewable fluctuations, and information and communication technology advances are boosting the interest in demand response products to deliver ancillary services. While countries have had lengthy experience with these programs, others are starting from almost zero to develop these programs. To our knowledge, no analysis or standardized comparison exists of the different parameters and prices of demand response in ancillary services among different countries. Our study reviews more than 20 power systems around the world and their programs to classify them according to standard demand response parameters. At the end of the paper we discuss the main characteristics and prices that face demand response in ancillary services markets and a series of policy recommendations to policymakers to improve the deployment on demand participation in ancillary services.@en

This paper describes the methodology used to characterise the traditional vessel of the Natural Park of 'La Albufera', located in Valencia (Spain) and design and distribute an electric propulsion system in it in the. This system must satisfy the energy and power supply necessities characterized for the vessels in a previous study. Furthermore, a previous identification is carried out to characterize the available spots inside the vessel and decide the best configuration possible. One of the main aims of that study is to minimize the overall impact in the operation customs of the boatmen and to provide a functional distribution. Finally, the conclusions are presented based on the economic feasibility study and the results of some energy indicators. @en

Demand response is a key tool to integrate renewable energy sources and ensure the security of supply. In several countries, demand response programmes are widely developed and used in Ancillary Services, but the Spanish Power System presents a scarce utilisation of these resources. The main barriers to integrate demand response in Ancillary Services markets in Spain are associated with regulatory issues. Based on the good practices and demand programs of other countries, this paper presents a set of regulatory proposals to enhance the participation of demand response in the Spanish Power System. @en

This article presents a methodology for calculating the energy needs to propose the electrification of a fleet of small boats. A technical, economic and environmental analysis of the transition to electric mobility of the fleet of boats in the wetland of the Albufera Natural Park of Valencia (Spain) is presented and analysed. The environmental benefits of this transition are explored and an economic assessment is done, including the evaluation of the necessary public incentives to capture all the benefits related to this transition and make it feasible.@en