High traffic flow in a confined tunnel makes fire safety a critical issue. This paper proposed a digital twin framework for tunnel fire safety management in real-time, driven by dynamic sensor data and AIoT technologies. A deep learning model trained by the Transformer network and simulation dataset is used to predict real-time fire location and size. Then, the AI model is integrated into a 3D digital twin platform developed by the game engine Unity 3D. The performance of the proposed digital twin framework is demonstrated using numerical experiments and large-scale tunnel fire tests. Results show that the established AI model achieved promising accuracy in predicting fire location and power for both numerical and experimental data. The digital twin platform can also visualize the 3D fire scene that supports evacuation, firefighting, and emergency rescue. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using a 3D environment and digital twin in real-time fire safety management.

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This study analyses the structural response of an aluminium reticulated roof structure that is constructed at Sichuan Fire Research Institute (Sichuan, China), and to be tested in fire. The structural fire behaviour under 960 localised fire scenarios is considered first, and then used to construct a database for training a modular artificial intelligence (AI) system for real-time forecasting. The system consists of several AI models, each of which predicts the displacement at a specific monitoring point. These individual predictions are then combined to generate a comprehensive forecast of the global structural-fire behaviour. The individual AI model utilized is a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM RNN). The modular design allows different models to be modified or added as needed, making the system flexible and adaptable, and improving the accuracy and reliability of the predictions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the modular AI approach in accurately forecasting fire-induced structural collapses as indicated by the sensitivity the local models can have. The key objective of this research is to help to make informed decisions and prioritize efforts to minimize the risk of structural collapse in fire.

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First respondents to fires in structures face severe risks as both the fire and structural behaviour are unpredictable. While structural collapse may manifest some warning signs, these signs are not always easily identified which has led to the death of many fire fighters over the years. Both fire and structural fire simulation have come a long way and are now capable of assessing the thermomechanical behaviour of structures to a good degree of accuracy. However, such simulations take hundreds or thousands of engineering and computation hours. This paper explores performing these analyses a priori and using the generated database to train a recurrent neural network for real time prediction of potential failure. The analysis is performed on an aluminium reticulated roof structure that is constructed in Sichuan Fire Research Institute (Sichuan, China) and is expected to be tested to failure in fire in 2023. One hundred localised fire scenarios were used to cover the potential fire that will be used to induce the failure of the test roof. Heat transfer analyses for each section were then performed in OpenSEES followed by thermomechanical analysis in the same software. The generated results database was then cleaned and the data at several key locations were extracted and used to train a long short term memory recurrent neural network. The results of the predictions show that the artificial intelligence model can infer results with increasing accuracy the closer the structure is to failure. The real test of the accuracy of the model, however, will be during the fire experiment on the real structure. This would be the first time an artificial intelligence model for rapid forecasting of structural response in fire is built a priori and tested against a real fire.@en