Drift-based performance assessment has been a practical tool among the research and engineering community. However, several studies showed that there are several critical issues such as seismic damage definitions and their quantifications related to the displacement-based approach when it is applied not only to modern masonry structures but also to historical ones. The main reason is due to (i) failure mode dependency, (ii) geometry, loading and boundary conditions, (iii) inadequate prediction of the failure modes based on in-plane capacity formulations given in the codes. The present article discusses the reliability of drift limit values proposed by different codes and guidelines by comparing drift values derived in two datasets of masonry piers through considering an application to a real case study. It is observed that performance-based assessment is mainly based on the failure mode of the masonry structure, while the Guideline for Earthquake Risk Management of Historical Structures in Turkey, which is widely used in practice, proposes drift limits that are independent of the masonry behavior. Without consideration of the behavior mode can lead to incorrect assumptions and hence unconservative performance assessment outcomes for the architectural heritage.

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A seismic performance assessment of historical Kütahya Kurşunlu Mosque in Turkey is presented before and after it has been retrofitted. Site investigations were carried out to identify structural conditions, in which severe cracks, especially on the dome, were mapped. Regarding damage conditions, the Mosque has undergone several interventions, including retrofitting actions, in order to improve its seismic performance and global structural behavior. Effectiveness of seismic retrofitting of the Mosque was investigated by using the finite element method. Two representative structural models of the Mosque, namely non-retrofitted and retrofitted, were generated as a three-dimensional finite element model using an advanced structural analysis software. Ambient vibration measurements were performed to identify modal properties of the Mosque. Thus, the finite element model was calibrated and improved according to the experimental modal data. Nonlinear pushover and dynamic analyses were conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of the historical Mosque. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted retrofitting by comparing the models (before and after retrofitting) and, also, to validate the nonlinear behavior of the model by comparing it with the existing damage on the Mosque.@en