Utilizing a dedicated micro-sized three-electrode cell, this study systematically investigates early-stage electrochemical properties and corrosion behavior of pure iron under single droplets. Various volumes and NaCl concentrations were considered during the evaporation-driven shape and concentration evolution of single droplets. The measurements disclosed that reducing the droplet size from 5 µL to 1.5 µL at 0.01 M NaCl concentration, increased noise resistance (R_n) and polarization resistance (R_p) values. However, at 0.1 M and 0.2 M NaCl concentrations, reducing droplet size led to the domination of relatively high chloride ion concentration over oxygen diffusion, resulting in a very low R_n and R_p and hence enhanced localized corrosion.

The authors regret that an error occurred in the description of equation 3 in the published version of the above-mentioned article, which should be as follows: [Formula presented] The correct equation was implemented for calculating all the results presented in the article, so all results, discussions and conclusions presented in the manuscript remain fully valid > The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

This paper presents a novel approach to investigate atmospheric corrosion kinetics of carbon steel under multi-droplet conditions. A homemade climate chamber has been developed to accurately control and monitor environmental conditions, including temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), during exposure. Carbon steel corrosion kinetics are monitored with a custom-designed Electrical Resistance (ER) sensor pair. Savitzky-Golay (S-G) based filtering technique has been used for the corrosion signal processing. In parallel, top-view droplet temporal evolution has been recorded by microscopic imaging and analyzed for both droplet size distribution and the solid-liquid contact angle. The droplet size distribution can typically be described with a power-law form curve. The curve shows a decrease in height and a concurrent expansion in width with progressive drying. The introduction of NaCl into the electrolyte and surface roughness variations have also been identified to substantially influence the carbon steel corrosion rate. A strong correlation between the corrosion rate derived from the ER monitoring method and the RH can be observed. This correlation is further analyzed to incorporate the impact of droplet-based electrolyte conditions. This study offers valuable insights into the development of mechanistic and kinetic prediction models for atmospheric corrosion.

A new approach is proposed to numerically predict and study atmospheric corrosion for ranging droplet size distributions and the influence of the droplet geometry. The proposed methodology allows for a corrosion prediction based on observed droplet size distributions and droplet contact angles. A mechanistic finite element model, including oxygen transport and Butler-Volmer kinetics, is solved in order to obtain the current density as a function of the droplet geometry. This is done for a range of both droplet radii and contact angles. The computed corrosion current densities are then used as input for imposed droplet size distributions. This allows for a calculated material loss estimation for different distributions and electrolyte configurations and shows the extent of the impact of the droplet size distribution on atmospheric corrosion.