Due to the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources, congestion problems are already emerging in Dutch distribution grids. The available flexibility of assets in the built environment could have the potential to reduce congestion if prosumers are properly incentivized by distribution grid operators (DSOs). However, it is not yet clear what (combinations of) flexibility a ctivation mechanisms will be effective for congestion management in Dutch Distribution grids. To shed light on this issue, the GO-e consortium aims at performing large-scale agent-based simulations of up to 120 low-voltage networks and a large variety of possible instruments and scenarios. For this reason, we developed a novel scalable time-discrete simulation framework for distributed agent-based simulations of energy systems. We demonstrate the framework on a case-study in which we assess the effectiveness of a dynamic bandwidth tariff instrument on overloading problems in a low-voltage network containing solar panels, batteries, and heat pumps. It was shown that a dynamic bandwidth tariff can successfully resolve forecasted congestion if the associated costs are high enough compared to the day-ahead prices. However, the resulting load shifting can cause new congestion intra-day aswell.@en

Within the Netherlands, 24 geothermal systems have been realized of which 18 added to production of 3.7 PJ of heat in 2018. The main application domain is horticulture. The ambition of the Dutch government is to increase the production of geothermal energy in the Netherlands to 15 PJ in 2030, subsequently 110 PJ in 2050 and to expand the application domain to district heating and industry. Kramers et al. (2012) published an article on the direct heat resource assessment stating that the recoverable heat amounts to just over 63000 PJ, assuming a reinjection temperature of 35 °C. This resource estimate combines all direct heat projects regardless of their maturity. A state-of-the-art resource assessment can support the Dutch government policy to realize its ambition by classifying the resources based on project maturity, including reference to the obstructing issues in the maturation of projects such as technical, financing, licensing and/or social and environmental complexities. In January 2019, 78 exploration licenses are active or have been applied for. At least one geothermal project is defined in each of these licenses, at different levels of advancement. Outside the existing licenses and licenses applied for, The Netherlands provides ample space for geothermal development by geothermal projects, yet in a conceptual stage. At the moment, there are no tools or practical methodology to integrate all the available information in a coherent and automated manner. Furthermore, a method to quantify the geothermal energy resources of projects ‘not yet realized’ using the United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) resource classification system, would help policymakers to decide upon the most appropriate measures to relieve the obstruction issues to reach the 2030-2050 geothermal ambitions. In this study, we show the results of a resource assessment and classification system for geothermal energy while incorporating environmental and social issues in the classification, as required by the UNFC-2009. As basis for this resource assessment, we use the webtool ThermoGIS. ThermoGIS which uses information on the Dutch subsurface derived from the regional mapping by the Geological Survey and which is updated by incorporating newly gained insights and data, provides a comprehensive overview of the geothermal potential for a selected set of aquifers. The resource estimate, including the uncertainty range related to these figures, at the status date 1-1-2019 of the Dutch geothermal “project portfolio” is classified using UNFC, resulting in a set of resource figures per resource class according to project maturity: commercial, potentially commercial, non-commercial and exploration projects. Furthermore, some additional development options are introduced like installing heat pumps on relevant projects and stimulation on projects with poor productivity to increase the resource potential. Next level analysis envisages that future projects are given an attractivity attribute reflecting, amongst others, proximity to areas of favourable heat demand, proximity to heat network, which will guide the order of the exploration drilling sequence. An estimate on the geothermal portfolio maturation speed will then reflect on the minimum number of wells to be drilled to reach the geothermal ambition. @en

Within the Netherlands, 24 geothermal systems have been realized of which 16 are operational, together producing 3.4 PJ of heat in 2018 (status date 1-1-2019). The main application domain is horticulture. The ambition of the Dutch government is to see production of geothermal energy increase in the Netherlands to 50 PJ in 2030, subsequently 200 PJ in 2050 and also to expand the application domain to district heating and industry. A state of the art resource assessment can support the Dutch government policy to realize its ambition. By classifying the resources based on project maturity including reference to the obstructing issues in the maturation of projects such as technical, financing, licensing and or social and environmental complexities targeted policy can be drafted. As of January 2019, 51 exploration licenses have been granted, and 31 more have been applied for (MEA2019). At least one geothermal project is defined in each of these exploration licenses, at different levels of advancement. Outside the boundaries of existing licenses and licenses under application, the Netherlands provides ample space for geothermal development. At the moment, there are no tools or practical methodologies to integrate all available information in a coherent and automated manner. As such, a method to quantify the geothermal energy resources of projects ‘not yet realized’ using the United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) resource classification system would help policymakers to decide upon the most appropriate measures to remove obstructions for reaching the 2030-2050 geothermal ambitions. In this study, we show the initial results of a resource assessment and classification system for geothermal energy while incorporating environmental and social issues in the classification, as required by the UNFC2009. As basis for this resource assessment, we use the web tool ThermoGIS-v2.1 (Vrijlandt et al. 2019). ThermoGIS-v2.1 using information on the Dutch subsurface derived from the regional mapping by the Geological Survey. It is updated through incorporation of newly gained insights and data and provides a comprehensive overview of the geothermal potential for a selected set of aquifers. The resource estimates, including the uncertainty range related to these figures, at the status date 1-1-2019 of the Dutch geothermal “project portfolio” are classified using UNFC, resulting in a set of resource figures per resource class according to project maturity: commercial, potentially commercial, non-commercial and exploration projects. @en