The parabolic growth rate constant (k_p) of high-temperature oxidation of steels is predicted via a data analytics approach. Four machine learning models including Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Support Vector Regression are trained to establish the relations between the input features (composition and temperature) and the target value (k_p). The models are evaluated by the indices: Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, Root Mean Squared Error and Coefficient of Determination. The steel composition regarding Cr and Ni content and the temperature were the most significant input features controlling the oxidation kinetics.

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With its potentially disruptive nature, the smart grid can be viewed from both a transformational and an innovation systems perspective. Synthesising these, a research approach is adopted in which a Technological Innovation System (TIS) analysis is combined with a transformational perspective to identify a broader range of success and failure factors. This study analyses smart grid innovation system development. The main research question is: What systemic and transformational failures are identified in the development of smart grid innovation in the Netherlands from 2001 to 2021 by combining TIS and a transformational perspective? The question is answered by mapping the events to TIS functions and identifying both ‘systemic failures’ and ‘transformational failures’. Transformational failures are linked to events outside the smart grid TIS that work against the alignment and harmonising of activities within the TIS. Results show that the smart grid innovation system experienced three periods and that it suffers from various structural and transformational failures. TIS functions like knowledge diffusion, and the creation of legitimacy were only fulfilled to a limited extent. Consequently, smart grid innovation is currently still not considered a mainstream technology in the energy transition, and there is little attention to the role of end-users. The study ends with suggestions for future research, including the suitability of the research approach for other contexts and when applied to other energy system innovations.@en

The widespread adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology as a prominent renewable energy source has significant implications for the economy of households and distribution system operators (DSOs). It is crucial to analyse these impacts in light of recent pricing policy changes, including Real-Time Pricing (RTP), Time-of-Use (TOU), and Feed-in Tariffs (FiT). This study analyses the impact of pricing policies based on actual load consumption, pricing rate, and PV generation data. An economic comparison of various scenarios for a typical household in the Netherlands is conducted by determining the optimal values for PV size. The findings suggest that transitioning to RTP policies reduces households’ economic advantages. The introduction of FiT further diminishes the financial benefits for households and increases the Payback period (PP). Moreover, the study reveals that imposing an export power limit of less than 3 kW can increase households’ energy costs.

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Smart MicroGrids (SMGs) can be seen as a promising option when it comes to addressing the urgent need for sustainable transition in electric systems from the current fossil fuel-based centralised system to a low-carbon, renewable-based decentralised system. Unlike previous studies that were restricted to a limited number of actors and only took a mono-disciplinary research approach, this current review adopts a multidisciplinary, socio-technical approach and addresses the factors that have been hindering the development of SMGs and considers how these barriers interact. This study contributes to the body of literature on the development of SMGs by mapping and discerning technical, regulatory, market, social and institutional barriers for different types of actors, including technology providers, consumers, Distributed Generation (DG) providers and system operators, based on information derived from laboratory reports, demonstration pilots, and academic journals. In addition, attention is paid to how these barriers interact based on real-life experimentation. A holistic picture of barriers and their interaction is presented as well as recommendations for future research.@en

The dynamic behaviour - steady-state and transient - of the DC Microgrids during power disturbance can affect the system’s general performance. A hybrid combination of energy storage devices with slow frequency response, like a Fuel Cell, and with a fast dynamic response, like a Super-Capacitor, provides an improved dynamic response to stabilise DC bus voltage. However, control parameters should be designed based on the preferences of the system. This paper proposes a fuzzy-based controller to determine the Virtual Capacitor Droop controller to achieve the desired transient response. The proposed dynamic control method is validated through MATLAB/Simulink.@en