Study of customised high-efficient perovskite based mini-modules

Optimization of Laser scribing parameters

Master thesis (2022)

Authors

P. Kuppuswamy Saravanan Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

Contributors

I.M.F. Gordon Photovoltaic Materials and Devices - EEMCS (mentor)
Aranzazu Aguirre (graduation committee member)
Faculty
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science
Copyright: © 2022 Pavithran Kuppuswamy Saravanan
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Published Date

19-08-2022

Language

English

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Faculty

Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science

Abstract

In 2022, the Power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has achieved an efficiency of >25\%. The cost-effective and flexible perovskite-based photovoltaic has been identified as an ideal solution to increase the integration of photovoltaics in buildings. However, for a large scale implementation, the perovskite photovoltaic must perform at its best and be highly stable. The upscaling of perovskite-based solar cells to the module must be done at minimal losses.

The following research is performed on an opaque double cation p-i-n perovskite module of aperture area 4 $cm^2$. The focus is on the laser scribing patterning technique to develop a quality interconnection in a module. The various laser parameters to be optimized and the approach to achieve a quality P1-P2-P3 scribe for the module are reported. With an ultrashort pulsed laser, the ablation of photoactive perovskite material varies remarkably. There are many possible scenarios regarding the level of ablation of $NiO_{x}$ and ITO using a picosecond pulsed laser with a wavelength of 355nm. In this study, the characterization concerning the emergence of contact resistance at ohmic contact is essential to identify the optimal ablation for interconnection in the module. The optimization is performed using a Scanning electron microscope in EDS mode, optical microscope, and Transmission line measurement. It helps to study the impact of different parameters on interconnection in a device.

This research shows that it is optimal to ablate beyond the HTL to completely remove the $NiO_{x}$ and minimize the contact resistance. The optimized laser parameters for each scribe helped achieve an optical gain, by reducing the dead area in a module. It helped in improving the geometrical fill factor by 3\%. Furthermore, the set of laser parameters also helped improve the electrical performance of a module by minimizing the drop in FF\% when up-scaled from cell to module. The obtained results show an encouraging outlook for further optimization of the module by studying other laser parameters and could fast-track the up-scaling of the perovskite module with negligible interconnection and inactive area losses.