Direct Metal-Printed Biodegradable Porous Magnesium Scaffolds for Orthopeadic Applications

Abstract (2020)

Authors

Y. Li University Hospital RWTH Aachen
P. Pavanram University Hospital RWTH Aachen
J. Zhou Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
M.A. Leeflang Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
B. Pouran Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Harrie Weinans University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
T. Pufe University Hospital RWTH Aachen
A.A. Zadpoor Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
H. Jahr Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics - Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Research Group
Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics (Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering) (TU Delft)
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Published Date

2020

Language

English

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Faculty

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

Department

Biomechanical Engineering

Research Group

Biomaterials & Tissue Biomechanics

Abstract

The ideal bone substituting biomaterials should possess bone-mimicking
mechanical properties; have of porous interconnected structure, and
adequate biodegradation behaviour to enable full recovery of bony
defects. Direct metal printed porous scaffolds hold potential to satisfy
all these requirements and were additively manufactured (AM) from
atomized WE43 magnesium alloy powder with grain sizes between 20 and 60
μm. Their micro-structure, mechanical properties, degradation behavior
and biocompatibility was then evaluated in vitro. Firstly,
post-processing values nicely followed design parameters. Next, Young's
moduli were similar to that of trabecular bone (i.e., E = 700–800 MPa)
even after 28 days of simulated in vivo-like corrosion by in vitro
immersion. Also, a relatively moderate hydrogen evolution,
corresponding to a calculated 19.2% of scaffold mass loss, was in good
agreement with 20.7% volume reduction as derived from reconstructed μCT
images. Finally, only moderate cytotoxicity (i.e., level 0, <25%),
even after extensive ISO 10993-conform testing for 72 h using MG-63
cells, was determined using WE43 extracts (2 way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey's
multiple comparisons test; α = 0.05). Cytotoxicity was further
evaluated by direct live-dead staining assays, revealing a higher cell
death in static culture. However, intimate cell-metal contact was
observed by SEM. In summary, while pure WE43 may not yet be an ideal
surface for cell adhesion, this novel AM process allows for adjusting
biodegradation through topological design. Our approach holds tremendous
potential to develop functional and biodegradable implants for
orthopaedic applications.