Inter- and Intra- Pandemic Variation of Antibiotic, Disinfectant &amp; other Pharmaceutical usage, during the COVID 19 Pandemic

Mohapatra, Sanjeeb; Senaratna, Kavindra Yohan Kuhatheva; Zhao, Zhang; Luhua, You; Gin, Karina Yew-Hoong

Inter- and Intra- Pandemic Variation of Antibiotic, Disinfectant & other Pharmaceutical usage, during the COVID 19 Pandemic

Poster (2024)

Authors

Sanjeeb Mohapatra National University of Singapore

Kavindra Yohan Kuhatheva Senaratna National University of Singapore

Zhang Zhao National University of Singapore

You Luhua National University of Singapore

Karina Yew-Hoong Gin National University of Singapore

Affiliation

External organisation

Covid-19 Wastewater Antibiotics Pharmaceuticals Disinfectants

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Published Date

2024

Language

English

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Affiliation

External organisation

Abstract

Wastewater surveillance has been successfully employed to monitor pharmaceutical usage on a university campus. In this study, the usage patterns of antibiotics and disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. Firstly, the results showed that during COVID-19 waves, different pharmaceuticals correlated with normalized SARS-CoV-2 concentrations, suggesting that distinct medications may have been necessary to address the unique symptoms associated with each COVID-19 variant. Secondly, it was observed that both the total concentrations of antibiotics and disinfectants were higher during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the Delta Wave. Overall, this indicates an increased chemical usage associated with COVID-19, which raises concerns about its impact on the emergence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) during this period.