In Nederland en in de stad Delft wordt geluidhinder door autowegen ervaren door bewoners. Dit kan leiden tot een verminderde gezondheid. Het doel van dit onderzoek is uitvinden waar de geluidsnorm wordt overschreden en hoe dit verminderd zou kunnen worden. Hiervoor is de volgende onderzoeksvraag opgesteld: Waar in Delft wordt de geluidsnorm voor verkeersgeluid overschreden, welke fysische factoren van de wegen hebben effect op de geluidsoverschrijding en welke maatregelen zouden genomen kunnen worden? Om deze vraag te beantwoorden is een literatuurstudie gedaan en een geodata-analyse uitgevoerd. De verkregen geodata is omgezet in kaarten, vervolgens zijn hier ruimtelijke analyses op uitgevoerd. De conclusie is dat het overgrote deel van de wegen een te hoge geluidsbelasting heeft. De maximale snelheid of het wegdek zou hiervoor kunnen worden aangepast.

With the Urban Heat Island Effect on the rise and 66% of the global population expected to live in the cities by 2050, new ways of building for this urban growth need to be researched. In this report the cooling effects of green and water structures on urban landscapes are examined. To realize this, we opted to recreate a 3D model of the chosen research area based on different
datasets. This can then be used in the simulation software ENVI-met to calculate the effect that these structures have on the microclimate. Firstly, we successfully made a 2D inventory based on the different components necessary to run the simulation.
Secondly, when converting from the 2D data to 3D data, errors occurred as regards to the tree and building datasets. Thirdly, the simulation failed due to a lack of interoperability between the datasets and softwares. Therefore, we are unable to answer the research question. However, after an in-depth assessment of the FAIRness of data, we conclude that by testing, failing and improving the
interoperability of datasets and softwares, we can change our perception of the data we collect and find new ways to store and visualize them.

In modern-day spatial planning, the implementation of public participation has increased to find a balance between two major actors: the government as the powerholder and citizens as the individual affected by planning decisions. Cities are required to redefine their public participation strategies by adopting modern tools to increase their citizen’s satisfaction regarding the spatial planning process. This challenge has made geographic information system (GIS) technologies invaluable to enhance the place-making process by allowing citizens to express their needs and preferences. On the other hand, developing GIS technology with design or hierarchy left unchecked, could cause usability problem to the user. GIS technology would end up running into an unnavigable ocean of buttons and maps, resulting in users can easily get lost and become frustrated. Therefore, User Experience (UX) can become integral for engaging users with spatial planning products and effectively meeting their aspirations. This thesis aims to develop a User Experience (UX) design guideline together with a mockup design and apply it as a web-based GIS prototype. The focus of the study will be on spatial planning practice in Indonesia. The User Experience (UX) design guideline named ’4PHASE toolkit’ was made with several design phases: Phase 1: Define, Phase 2: Design, Phase 3: Build, Phase 4: Test. The first phase is related to top-down studies about participation in spatial planning process both in general and case study, resulting with the Actor-Network (ANT) diagram for conceptualizing user roles, participation tasks, and space-time setting during the participation. The second phase is related to the design process of the UX starting from building persona, creating user flow, sketching wireframes, and designing interfaces - resulting with the proposed mockup of 4D Musrenbang. The third phase is the development of the prototype based on the mockup design using HTML, CSS, and Javascript to add functionalities to the web. At last, Phase 4 is testing the prototype with real actors who share similar traits with the Persona. Based on the user tests, the prototype itself is considered as good, with usability score of 71%. Overall, this thesis project has successfully created three main products: The 4PHASE toolkit, a mockup, and a geo-web prototype.

The project seeks to stabilise and reverse the degradation of the pier’s walls so it remains available to its users. The structure acts as a stabilizer for this piece of land, so as not to let it disappear.
The light structure takes inspiration from a bird perched on a branch, a metaphor for young Amsterdammer’s searching for their place in the city. I relate this lightness with the temporality of a youth hostel, where young people come and go, renting cabins within the structure and using the campsite on the pier.
The project encompasses a conversation between the new structure, which encases floors and spaces, and the existing structure of the pier. The essence of the project is showcased in an investigation of the structure, which is expressed as a piece of architecture in its own right.

Under the year theme, “Intimate City”, the task was to create “City Rooms” for the city of Antwerp. The method for developing this notion served as a common ground for the whole graduation process. Each of us in the chair chose one specific site to insert our idea of an urban constitution. My site is a private garden located on the street corner in the rural Oud-Berchem district, which consists of a villa and its back yard. The function is an elderly social house with community center.

Many countries in the world are extending their cadastral visualization systems in the third dimension. The reason of this, stems from the increasing complexity of contemporary cities, the growing 3D approach in other fields (including 3D spatial data acquisition, spatial data processing and visualization) which made 3D cadastre technologically feasible, and the need to overcome the issues of 2D visualization. The visualization of cadastral parcels in 3D is a huge challenge, since legal boundaries are, in some cases, invisible in the real world. Several countries built their own 3D cadastre (partial) systems/prototypes which are still lacking some crucial functionalities, therefore this research will try to fill some of the gaps of the existing cadastral systems with a special focus on visualization and dissemination aspects.
The goal of this research is to solve issues of occlusion, representation of unbounded vol- umes and ambiguous perception (in terms of position, size and shape) of objects in the con- text of 3D cadastre visualization. Additionally, the combination of topography and cadastral parcels is a double-edged sword; on one hand, it is useful for orientation purposes but, on the other hand, the growing complexity and increasing occlusion can make the visualization more challenging. The exploration of specific interaction techniques is fundamental to over- come these issues.
This document provides guidance on the system design choices to implement a 3D cadas- tre prototype. The study starts with a theoretical and a technological research carried out to investigate the state of the art in 3D cadastre visualization and to explore the existing WebGL platforms on which to build a successful prototype. Along with these phases, two lists of requirements are created; the first one related to 3D visualization issues and the second one related to the web viewer functionalities. The implementation of the prototype is carried out following (part of) the requirements listed, leaving the rest for future work. The development phase is the core of the research and includes the selection of the datasets and of the area of interest located in the city centre of Brisbane, Australia. In addition to that, the definition of the LADM compliant storage schema and the process of data encoding, to transform the data from survey plans to a cadastral database, are described. Although these steps are not in the main scope, they are crucial for the development of the prototype. After that, different visualization functionalities have been implemented, each of them presenting drawbacks and difficulties mainly related to the data format chosen.
In order to assess the usability and user-friendliness of the 3D cadastre prototype, a ques- tionnaire has been handed out to potential users of the application. Their feedback is funda- mental for this research and will provide insights on how to improve the actual design of the prototype.

In recent years, there has been a growing necessity for 3D geoinformation in urban planning and infrastructure management to provide a more realistic representation of urban areas and the built environment. A key concept in public infrastructure management is Life Cycle Asset Management (LCAM), which aims to improve the decision making in each phase of the life cycle of infrastructure assets, such as road and utility networks, civil structures, and green areas. Traditional systems in LCAM are limited in terms of analysis and visualization opportunities due to the use of simpler tools like tables. In this respect, Geographic Information System (GIS) solutions have been widely integrated in LCAM to optimise the administration and monitoring of infrastructure assets. The incursion of semantic 3D models complements the use of GIS by introducing new and innovative modelling and visualization methods. As one of the most common design techniques in the building and construction industry, Building Information Modelling (BIM) facilitates the generation of multidimensional models to describe the physical and functional characteristics of built objects. This research studies the integration of 3D BIM models in a Web GIS system for public space management to improve the procedure in the maintenance phase of LCAM. The goal is to solve the challenges related to the acquisition, processing, and visualization of 3D models. The thesis outlines the process of the development of a 3D prototype in an attempt to demonstrate a possible solution for the integration of BIM models in an existing GIS application. The research starts with a scientific literature review to familiarise with the LCAM concept, Web GIS, and semantic 3D models. Then, the stakeholders in the project are identified and their requirements with regard to the functional capabilities of the prototype are gathered in order to create a design concept. Consequently, the BIM model used in this study is presented and processed to comply with the Dutch national standards for inspection and maintenance. The prototype is developed on the basis of Web Graphics Library (WebGL), a technology for web rendering of interactive 3D graphics and animations supported by all modern web browsers. At the end of the development process, the prototype is evaluated by experts in the LCAM and BIM fields to assess its usability by means of a questionnaire survey. The input from the participants in the survey is essential for the further improvement of the prototype and its release as fully functional product.

Many notions are taken the last decades to control production of waste and solve the scarcity of raw material. Circular Economy is a concept, designed to help solve this problem with a financial and environmental agenda. Combined with a Product to Service model, it can offer new opportunities in resetting the way we see ownership and what should be considered waste. As the combination model of circular lease has started being applied in the market, a lot of questions have arisen about its efficiency and risk allocation between owner and user. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the aforementioned topics, with a focus on cost, duration and legal aspects, as well as evaluating the role of Circular Economy and whether it affects these topics.
Two case studies were done with the help of four interviews, while a literature research on Circular Economy, Product to Service and relevant legal aspects was conducted. The findings of the theoretical and practical research were compared and used to develop an understanding of risks occurring in circular leases.
This thesis investigates the case where ownership model stays with the manufacturer/supplier. The legal strategy to ensure this is through the right of superficies. This model was chosen as responsibility and ownership are strongly connected and by giving the ownership to the manufacturer/supplier also pushes them to extend the lifecycle of products, minimise the waste during production, reduce the use of raw materials and use secondary materials.
The end result of this research is that the main bearer of risks is the owner of the product. First and foremost, owners have to secure that ownership remain on his/her side. Even though having a constant income during the lease, offers a financial security, the owner must be prepared to pay in case of malfunction and any need occurring from the close maintenance offered to the client. The owner must also take care of the after-end treatment of the product and arrange for a new circle for it. Long duration leases require a strong alliance between owner and client, but also trust that both parties will be able to fulfil their responsibilities. On the client side, they may pay to avoid taking risks, but some risks are still there. The ownership issue is affecting both sides as there is always the risk of bankruptcy. Serviceability-wise the client has to ensure that the level of service is constant through the years and can cover the needs of the client. Committing to same level of needs is a risky move, especially if the type of product is a fast-evolving technology or if the needs of the client are not steady. Finally, the price point is also at risk, in case an intermediate is involved.

As the technical university of Delft moved out if the city centre, the city and the university got disconnected physically and socially. This institution, a knowledge center for sustainable development, will be the physical return of the TU Delft University in the city centre of Delft. Being a place to show the TU Delft to the public and a place for interdisciplinary collaboration. The complex consists out of exhibition spaces, spaces for study, an open archive, a depot, a lecture hall, a workshop, offices and a café. The building is a bold figure in the urban fabric, representing its institutional feeling through a one metre thick load bearing brick façade. This wall is not only symbolically a protection layer for the knowledge inside, but also provides space for the infrastructure of the installations in the building. The building finds resemblance with the building type of a warehouse. The interior of the complex is fully constructed out of cross laminated timber, giving a light interior character to the building. The spaces in the building are organised around a courtyard in the heart of the building. This courtyard functions as an informal meeting space and is a source of light the visitors in the building will get attracted by. Around this courtyard a visual corridor is created by positioning the columns away from the interior facades. This corridor leads the visitors to the other spaces of this complex. By reintroducing the university in the inner city through providing the city a platform for knowledge transfer and interdisciplinary collaboration between the attenders of the university and the citizens of Delft, a new and stronger social relationship between the university and the city is constructed. This is not only preferable but also encourages the development of the city, as research proved that innovation often occur when existing knowledge between different parties is mixed.