Climate change intensifies the frequency and severity of flooding in urban areas, such as Jakarta. While government-led adaptation measures are crucial, the limitation of planned adaptations in providing complete protection emphasises household-level strategies in mitigating risks. However, limited adaptive capacity and bounded rationality can lead to maladaptive behaviours. This study investigates the dynamics of household-level climate change adaptations in Jakarta, focusing on their impact on vulnerability and potential maladaptation. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyses micro-level survey data and agent-based modelling to examine adaptation measures like elevation, dry-proofing, and wet-proofing. Findings reveal that socioeconomic factors, such as income and fatalistic attitudes, influence adaptation choices. Low-income households are particularly vulnerable to suboptimal strategies, like wet-proofing, which can exacerbate their risk. The study also highlights a discrepancy between these measures' perceived and actual efficacy, emphasising the need for targeted policies. Recommendations include promoting effective adaptation, providing targeted financial aid, and enhancing community and governmental support. By addressing these factors, policymakers can reduce the likelihood of maladaptation in urban Jakarta.