An extended multiphase drift-flux model with a discretized form of population balance equations for flocculation and settling process of cohesive sediment in deep-sea mining plumes

To meet energy demand towards a low-carbon future, the global market demand is growing for metals such as cobalt and nickel which are major elements in batteries. Polymetallic nodules, which are formed on abyssal plains at depths ranging from 4 to 6 kilometres and are distributed in high abundance on the top of the seabed, contains several times...

Modeling of high speed erosion with a morphological updating routine

Erosion is a phenomenon present in several industrial processes. In dredging, the jetting of sand in drag heads erodes the sand bed. In construction of offshore infrastructure such as wind turbines, oil and gas production units, marine pipelines, erosion of material near the foundations can put the stability of structures at stake. Furthermore,...